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从英国脱欧看当前英国“反智现象” 收藏
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简 介:从戴维·卡梅伦执政时起,英国政府就要求欧盟改革,以此为借口谋求脱欧。卡梅伦声称:“英国人民已经投票决定离开欧盟,他们的意愿必须得到尊重,英国人民的意愿是一种必须付诸执行的指令。”但在英国全民公投决定退出欧盟后,卡梅伦却宣布辞职。继之上台的特雷莎·梅继续强力推进脱欧,启动《里斯本条约》第50条款,而且为稳固保守党执政地位而提前大选。但大选导致保守党选情大跌,特雷莎·梅政府频频告危,不得不承诺向北爱尔兰投入更多资金,以换取北爱尔兰民族统一党的支持,确保其在议会中的多数优势。但保守党政府内部出现裂痕,先是国防大臣迈克尔·法伦因涉嫌情色事件黯然辞职,国际事务开发大臣普丽蒂·帕特尔因私会以色列高官告别政坛,之后是财政大臣菲利普·哈蒙德、贸易大臣利亚姆·福克斯就脱欧问题公开向首相发难,外交大臣鲍里斯·约翰逊更是擅自发文,表达与首相不一样的见解,还有一些保守党议员直言不讳地指责首相政策失当。
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欧洲一体化运动中宪政模式的历史考察 收藏
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出处: 新世界史(第1辑)
简 介:第二次世界大战(以下简称“二战”)后,欧洲一体化运动蓬勃兴起,一体化实践获得巨大发展。就其规模而言,在欧洲煤钢联营之初,一体化运动只涉及6个国家;到欧盟时代,其成员达到27个,一体化进程覆盖了大半个欧洲。目前,欧盟已经成为全世界最具影响的区域经济联合体,其联合领域也由经济扩至政治、社会与安全,欧洲大多数国家在历史上首次以这种联盟方式紧紧联合在一起。 欧洲一体化运动孕育并形成独特的联盟宪政模式,该模式浸染欧洲民主与自由精神,束之以独特的条约式宪政框架,诉诸特殊的治理模式。“这些机制的超国家特性,正是欧盟与其他国际组织相区别之处,比如联合国、北约组织。其中,各国政府保持了其全部主权,仍可以采取行动或者制定法律,应对它们所不认可的某些政策。”国内外学术界对欧共体或欧盟是否具备宪法体系一直争论不休,但对一体化宪政模式关注较少。事实上,与欧洲民族国家传统的宪政模式大相径庭,一体化宪政模式在形式和实质上都迥异于传统。因此,对欧洲一体化宪政模式展开深入探讨,应着眼于研究其文化源头、思想内涵、政治主张、制度规则、行为方式等专项内容,这对于深入了解一体化进程规律可谓意义深远。最近,世界经济形势低迷,欧盟经济发展乏力,各成员国之间矛盾重重,希腊、意大利、爱尔兰等国深陷主权债务危机而无法自拔,一体化实践遭到越来越多的质疑,欧洲民众的批评之声甚嚣尘上,尤其是英国在2016年6月23日举行关于退出欧盟的全民公投,一致决定退出欧盟。不仅如此,意大利最近也由于经济严重衰退而提出退出欧盟动议……由此可见,在欧洲国家持续要求退出欧盟的舆论面前,未来欧盟的发展趋向确实令人担忧,因此确有必要对一体化的宪政基础展开探讨,寻求更合理的新制度与新规则。本文拟以一体化宪政模式为题,通过分析一体化宪政模式中的思想、制度和治理等因素,深入解析欧洲一体化的规律、经验得失与发展远景。
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The Third Way:New Politics for the New Century 收藏
作者: 孟广林 主编 许海云 金永丽 选编 出版时间:2016年07月
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出处: 西方历史文献选读(当代卷)
简 介:(September,1998) I have always believed that politics is first and foremost about ideas.Without a powerful commitment to goals and values,governments are rudderless and ineffective,however large their majorities. Furthermore,ideas need labels if they are to become popular and widely understood. The ‘Third Way’ is to my mind the best label for the new politics which the progressive centre-left is forging in Britain and beyond. The Third Way stands for a modernised social democracy,passionate in its commitment to social justice and the goals of the centre-left,but flexible,innovative and forward-looking in the means to achieve them. It is founded on the values which have guided progressive politics for more than a century -- democracy,liberty,justice,mutual obligation and internationalism. But it is a third way because it moves decisively beyond an old left preoccupied by state control,high taxation and producer interests;and a new right treating public investment,and often the very notions of ‘society’ and collective endeavour,as evils to be undone.
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作者: 孟广林 主编 许海云 金永丽 选编 出版时间:2016年07月
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出处: 西方历史文献选读(当代卷)
简 介:The Treaty on European Union shall be amended in accordance with the provisions of this Article. 1.After the third recital the following recital shall be inserted: ‘CONFIRMING their attachment to fundamental social rights as defined in the European Social Charter signed at Turin on 18 October 1961 and in the 1989 Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers,’ 2.The existing seventh recital shall be replaced by the following: ‘DETERMINED to promote economic and social progress for their peoples,taking into account the principle of sustainable development and within the context of the accomplishment of the internal market and of reinforced cohesion and environmental protection,and to implement policies ensuring that advances in economic integration are accompanied by parallel progress in other fields,’
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Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 收藏
作者: 孟广林 主编 许海云 金永丽 选编 出版时间:2016年07月
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出处: 西方历史文献选读(当代卷)
简 介:(June 14,1992) The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development,Having met at Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June,1992,Reaffirming the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment,adopted at Stockholm on 16 June 1972,and seeking to build upon it,With the goal of establishing a new and equitable global partnership through the creation of new levels of cooperation among States,key sectors of societies and people,Working towards international agreements which respect the interests of all and protect the integrity of the global environmental and developmental system,Recognizing the integral and interdependent nature of the Earth,our home,Proclaims that:
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