李根蟠

Four Intensive Cultivation, Correspondence between Man and the Universe  收藏

作者： 李根蟠 著 纪卫宁 译 出版时间：2019年11月

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出处： A Brief History of Agricultural Technique in China

简   介：Looking from the key aspect and development direction, the main characteristic of traditional agricultural technology in China is intensive cultivation. The term “intensive cultivation” is used in high frequency when people talk about Chinese agriculture and its history. But in the ancient books, only expressions like “ploughing deeply and crushing soil”, “ploughing deeply and weeding thoroughly” and other terms are used. Although this is one of the contents of intensive cultivation, it is not equivalent to it. In the 1940s, during the mass production movement in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border region, the Party and the government summed up the productive experience of the labor model and formed the concept of intensive cultivation. In the 1950s after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, Comrade Mao Zedong put forward that “China feeds on intensive cultivation” in the process of organizing and formulating the Eight-Point Charter for Agriculture, which not only brilliantly sums up the essence of Chinese traditional agricultural method, but also points out the direction of agricultural technology development, and raises the concept of intensive cultivation to a new height. Since then, this concept has been widely used and regarded as a comprehensive technical system of Chinese agricultural tradition. On the one hand, this technical system is based on intensive land use mode; on the other hand, it is guided by the “Nature, Earth and Human Being Three-element” theory. These three aspects are interrelated, closely combined, and constitute a complete and wider range system, which includes the basic content of Chinese ancient agricultural science and technology. We might as well summarize it in eight words: intensive cultivation, correspondence between man and the universe.

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Three Compact and Practical, Simple but Not Crude  收藏

作者： 李根蟠 著 纪卫宁 译 出版时间：2019年11月

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出处： A Brief History of Agricultural Technique in China

简   介：Agricultural tools are called agricultural or field instruments. They are indispensable means of agriculture production and important indicator of developing level for agricultural productive forces. During the development of ancient agriculture in our country, the quality, shape and driving power of agricultural tools were advancing continually, creating many sophisticated agricultural tools. These agricultural implements have adapted to the requirements of intensive farming and agricultural technology, and have shown the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. Some of them have cast important impact on the development of the world’s agriculture.

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Two Universality and Richness in Varieties  收藏

作者： 李根蟠 著 纪卫宁 译 出版时间：2019年11月

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出处： A Brief History of Agricultural Technique in China

简   介：There are a variety of cultivated plants and domestic animals in the history of China, and many of them were domesticated in this land. At the beginning of the 20th century, Vavilov, a renowned Soviet geneticist who initiated the core theory on diversity of plant cultivation origin, listed China as the most important one among the eight origin centers of plant cultivation in the world. There are as many as 136 cultivated plants originating in China, accounting for 20.4% of the world’s 666 major grain crops, cash crops, vegetables and fruit trees. Later, though the theory of crop origin has been supplemented and developed, China’s status as one of the world’s crop origin centers has always been recognized by researchers. China is also a significant birthplace of domesticated animals. A quite number of indigenous cultivated crops and domesticated animals are not domesticated by the Han nationality only, but domesticated by the Han and other various ethnic groups together in China. The ancestors of various nationalities domesticated different animals and plants in their respective natural environments, and communicated with each other to integrate into the overall agricultural culture. But beyond that, a few number of cultivated plants and domesticated animals in China, including some very important species, were introduced from abroad. In addition to domestic region-to-region communications, however, a new pattern of cultural exchange also existed at the same time: on the one hand, cultivated plants and domesticated animals originating in China were spread to all parts of the world; on the other hand, new varieties were introduced from abroad, and they had been improved to adapt to the natural conditions of China by traditional techniques. It is worth mentioning here that the import and export of many crops and livestock were intermediated by ethnic minorities in the border, which means that the two means of exchanges mentioned above were intertwined. It was the two patterns of exchanges that gave increasing richness to the cultivated crops and domesticated animal species, infused dynamism to the continuously improving agricultural culture and made contributions to the world agricultural development. According to scholars’ researches, most of the grains, fiber and decorative crops which entered the west in the past 150 years were from Japan, while almost all of Japan’s plants were imported from China. “If it is not because of the deep-rooted conservative ideas of Western farmers and food buyers, we may have imported hundreds more”, an anthropologist in the United States said, “in contrast, Chinese who have always been considered to be blindly sticking to tradition borrowed almost all western plants that could be planted in their own land.” A pair of antithetical couples written by Lin Zexu, a national hero in the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, can be used appropriately to describe the broad mind of Chinese: The sea can hold the water of thousands of rivers for its bigness; The cliffs can touch the sky for it being no lust.

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One Multi-integration & Long Development  收藏

作者： 李根蟠 著 纪卫宁 译 出版时间：2019年11月

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出处： A Brief History of Agricultural Technique in China

简   介：The agricultural science and technology system of intensive cultivation which interacts with nature and human beings nurtures and grows in a pattern of multi-integration. Multi-integration is an important feature of the origin and development of Chinese agriculture.

¥ 25.43 试读

Introduction  收藏

作者： 李根蟠 著 纪卫宁 译 出版时间：2019年11月

关键词：

出处： A Brief History of Agricultural Technique in China

简   介：When it comes to Chinese civilization, it is inseparable from traditional Chinese agriculture. In the ancient civilizations of the world, the Chinese civilization is the only one which has both early origins and great achievements without interruption although there are ups and downs. It is the developed traditional agriculture that lays a solid foundation for it. Ancient Chinese agriculture took place in a vast area. It spans the frigid zone, temperate zone and torrid zone, endowed with vast plains and basins, rolling hills and numerous rivers and lakes, and forms independent geographical units in various sizes. In each geographic unit, the natural conditions are also complex and diverse, which is a double-edged sword to agricultural production. The ethnic groups that carry out agricultural production in different geographic units form a relatively heterogeneous agricultural culture based on the diversity of natural conditions and social traditions. These cultures complement and promote each other in the regular exchanges, forming a system of multi-dimensional convergence and greatness. In such a system, the agricultural practices of the ancient Chinese working people, regardless of depth and breadth, are unparalleled in the ancient world. The rich practice has given birth to the fine tradition of intensive cultivation of Chinese agricultural science and technology. It is essentially a subtle agronomy created by the ancient Chinese people in response to different natural conditions, unfavorable and favorable factors. Although traditional Chinese agriculture has encountered many difficulties and setbacks during its development, the tradition of intensive cultivation had never been interrupted, which provides an important opportunity for agricultural production and the entire society to recover in a hard time.

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