［1］The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia，translated by James A.Brundage. University of Wisconsin Press，Madison，1961. The Chronicle is a lively，intelligent account of the period 1180—1227. Apparently written for the benefit of William of Modena，the papal legate who arrived in Riga in 1225，it is more thorough and more reflective than all but a very few mediaeval chronicles. ［2］Chronicle of Novgorod，translated by Robert Michell and Nevil Forbes. Camden third series vol.25，London，1914. Much less useful than the foregoing，and uneven in quality. Unfortunately，the editors mix together the texts of several editions of this indispensable account of the early history of an important Russian state. ［3］The Hypatian Codex，Part Two：The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle，annotated translation by George A.Perfecky. Fink，München，1973（Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies，16，Ⅲ）. A somewhat dense and frustrating text with fascinating anecdotes. Essential for thirteenth-century Lithuania and Poland. ［4］The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle，translated by Jerry C.Smith and William Urban. New and expanded 2nd edition，Lithuanian Research and Studies Center（LRSC），Chicago，2001. An indispensable narrative for the second half of the thirteenth century：naïve，lively，informative. ［5］The Annals of Jan Długosz，English abridgement by Maurice Michael. IM Publications，Chichester，1997. Fails to catch the spirit of the prose of this knowledgeable Polish Renaissance author，but provides the basic story. ［6］Johannes Renner’s Livonian History 1556—1561，translated by Jerry C.Smith and William Urban，with Ward Jones. Edwin Mellen，Lewiston，Queenston，Lampeter，1997. A well-informed chronicle of the last days of the Livonian Order. ［7］The Chronicle of Balthasar Russow & Forthright Rebuttal by Elert Kruse & Errors and Mistakes of Balthasar Russow by Heinrich Tisenhausen，translated by Jerry ［8］Barber，Malcolm，ed. The Military Orders，vol.1：Fighting for the Faith and Caring for the Sick. Variorum（Ashgate），Brookfield，1994. ［9］Burleigh，Michael. Prussian Society and the German Order：An Aristocratic Corporation in Crisis c.1410—1460. Cambridge University Press，Cambridge，1984. ［10］Christiansen，Eric，The Northern Crusades：The Baltic and the Catholic Frontier，1100—1525. Cambridge，1998. ［11］Davies，Norman. God’s Playground：A History of Poland in two volumes. Columbia，New York，1982. ［12］Evans，Geoffrey. Tannenberg 1410：1914. Hamish Hamilton，London，1970. ［13］Jasienica，Pawel（translated by Alexander Jordan）. Jagiellonian Poland. American Institute of Polish Culture，Miami，1978. ［14］Knoll，Paul. The Rise of the Polish Monarchy：Piast Poland in East Central Europe，1320—1370. University of Chicago Press，Chicago and London，1972. ［15］Murray，Alan V.，ed. Crusade and Conversion on the Baltic Frontier 1150—1500. Ashgate，Aldershot，2001. ［16］Nicholson，Helen，ed. The Military Orders，vol.2：Welfare and Warfare. Ashgate，Aldershot，Brookfield，Singapore and Sidney，1998. ［17］Nicholson，Helen，ed. Templars，Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights：Images of the Military Orders，1128—1291. Leicester University Press and St Martin’s，Leicester，London and New York，1993. ［18］Nicolle，David. Lake Peipus 1242：The Battle on the Ice. Osprey，London，1996. ［19］Rowell，Stephen C. Lithuania Ascending：A Pagan Empire within East-Central Europe，1294—1345. Cambridge University Press，Cambridge，1994. ［20］Turnbull，Stephen. Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights，vol.1：The Red Brick Castles of Prussia；and vol.2：The Stone Castles of Livonia. Reed，London，forthcoming 2003/2004. ［21］Turnbull，Stephen. Tannenberg 1410. Reed，London，forthcoming 2003/2004. ［22］Urban，William. The Baltic Crusade. 2nd edition，LRSC，Chicago，1994. ［23］Urban，William. The Prussian Crusade. 2nd edition，LRSC，Chicago，2000. ［24］Urban，William. The Samogitian Crusade. LRSC，Chicago，1989. ［25］Urban，William. Tannenberg and After：Poland，Lithuania and the Teutonic Order in Search of Immortality. Revised edition，LRSC，Chicago，2002. ［26］Arnold，Udo，ed. 800 Jahre Deutscher Orden. Bertelsman，Gütersloh/Munich，1990.（Catalogue of the exhibition in the German National Museum in Nürnberg in co-operation with the Internationale Historische Kommission zur Erforschung des Deutschen Ordens.） ［27］Benninghoven，Friedrich，ed. Unter Kreuz und Adler：der Deutsche Orden im Mittelalter. Hase & Koehler，Mainz，1990.（Catalogue of the exhibition of the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz，Berlin.） ［28］Kulnyt，Birut，ed. Lietuvos Istorijos Paminklai（Monuments of Lithuanian History）. Mintis，Vilnius，1990. ［29］Roesdahl，Else，and Wilson，David，eds. From Viking to Crusader：Scandinavia and Europe 800—1200. Rizzoli，New York，1992. ［30］Scriptores Rerum Livonicarum. Sammlung der Wichtigsten Chroniken und Geschichtsdenkmale von Liv-，Ehst-，und Kurland，edited by A.Hansen. 2 vols. E.Frantzen，Riga and Leipzig，1853. Carefully edited chronicles which are available elsewhere in more modern editions. ［31］Scriptores Rerum Prussicarum，edited by Theodore Hirsch and others. 6 vols. S.Hirzel，Leipzig，1861—74；Frankfurt，1965. Contains the chronicles of the Teutonic Order. ［32］Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae，edited by Leonid Arbusow and Albert Bauer. 2nd edition，Hahnsche，Hannover，1955. The standard scholarly edition. ［33］Livländische Reimchronik，edited by Leo Mayer. Georg Olms，Hildesheim，1963（reprint of 1876 edition）. The principal account of the period 1227—90. ［34］Preussische Urkundenbuch. Hartung，Königsberg，1882-；Elwert，Marburg/Lahn，1955-. Also：http：//www.phil.uni-erlangen.de/～plges/quellen/pub/4frame.html. The collected documents of the Teutonic Order. ［35］Liv-，Est-. und Kurländische Urkundenbuch，edited by Friedrich Georg von Bunge. 12 vols. H.Laakman，Reval，1853—9；Riga and Moscow，1867—1910. The collected documents of the Livonian Order. ［36］Das Zeugenverhör des Franciscus de Moliano（1312），edited by August Seraphim. Thomas Oppermann，Königsberg，1912. A transcript of the inquiry by the papal legate into the feud between Riga and the Teutonic Knights. Often incautiously mined for snappy quotes. ［37］Lites ac Res gestae inter Polonos Ordineque Cruciferorum. 3 vols. Kónicke，Poznań，1892. The papal legates’hearings into the Teutonic Knights’misdeeds in Poland. Also often used naively. ［38］Monumenta Poloniae Historica. 6 vols. Gravenhagen，1893；Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe，Warsaw，1961. Contains the minor chronicles. ［39］Johannis Długossi，Historiae Polonicae in Opera Omnia，edited by Alexander Przezdziecki. CZAS，Cracow，1876—8. The most important source for mediaeval Polish history. ［40］Arnold，Udo，ed. Die Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens 1190—1994. Elwert，Marburg，1998.（Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des Deutschen Ordens，6.） ［41］Benninghoven，Friedrich. Der Orden der Schwertbrüder. Böhlau，Köln-Graz，1965. ［42］Biskup，Marian，and Labuda，Gerard. Dzieje Zakonu Krzyżackiego w Prusach：Gospodarka-Społeczeństwo-Panstwo-Idelogia. Morskie，Gdańsk，1986. ［43］Boockmann，Harmut. Der Deutsche Orden：Zwölf Kapitel aus seiner Geschichte. Beck，München，1981. The most easily read overview. ［44］Ekdahl，Sven. Die Schlacht bei Tannenberg 1410，Quellenkritische Untersuchungen，vol.1：Einführung und Quellenunterlage. Duncker und Humblot，Berlin，1982. Highly recommended. ［45］Górski，Karol. L’Ordine Teutonico，alle Origini dello Stato Prussiano. Einaudi，Turin，1971. ［46］Jučas，Mečislovas. Žalgiro mūšis. 2nd edition，Baltos Lankos，Vilnius，1999. ［47］Kuczyński，Stefan. Spór o Grunwald. MON，Warsaw，1972. ［48］Labuda，Gerard，ed. Historia Pomorza，vol.1（in two parts）：do roku 1466. Wydawnictwo Poznańskie，Poznań，1972. ［49］Lowmiański，Henryk. Studia nad Dziejami Wielkiego Ksi stwa Litewskiego. UaM，Poznań，1983. ［50］Murawski，Klaus Eberhard. Zwischen Tannenberg und Thorn：Die Geschichte des Deutschen Ordens unter dem Hochmeister Konrad von Erlichshausen 1441—1449. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag，Göttingen，1953.（Göttinger Bausteine zur Geschichtswissenschaft，10—11.） ［51］Schumacher，Bruno. Geschichte Ost-und Westpreussens. 6th edition，Holner，Würzburg，1977. ［52］Tumler，P.Martin. Der Deutsche Orden：Werden，Wachsen und Wirkung bis 1400. Panorama，Wien，1955. ［53］The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia，translated by James A.Brundage. University of Wisconsin Press，Madison，1961. The Chronicle is a lively，intelligent account of the period 1180—1227. Apparently written for the benefit of William of Modena，the papal legate who arrived in Riga in 1225，it is more thorough and more reflective than all but a very few mediaeval chronicles. ［54］Chronicle of Novgorod，translated by Robert Michell and Nevil Forbes. Camden third series vol.25，London，1914. Much less useful than the foregoing，and uneven in quality. Unfortunately，the editors mix together the texts of several editions of this indispensable account of the early history of an important Russian state. ［55］The Hypatian Codex，Part Two：The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle，annotated translation by George A.Perfecky. Fink，München，1973（Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies，16，Ⅲ）. A somewhat dense and frustrating text with fascinating anecdotes. Essential for thirteenth-century Lithuania and Poland. ［56］The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle，translated by Jerry C.Smith and William Urban. New and expanded 2nd edition，Lithuanian Research and Studies Center（LRSC），Chicago，2001. An indispensable narrative for the second half of the thirteenth century：naïve，lively，informative. ［57］The Annals of Jan Długosz，English abridgement by Maurice Michael. IM Publications，Chichester，1997. Fails to catch the spirit of the prose of this knowledgeable Polish Renaissance author，but provides the basic story. ［58］Johannes Renner’s Livonian History 1556—1561，translated by Jerry C.Smith and William Urban，with Ward Jones. Edwin Mellen，Lewiston，Queenston，Lampeter，1997. A well-informed chronicle of the last days of the Livonian Order. ［59］The Chronicle of Balthasar Russow & Forthright Rebuttal by Elert Kruse & Errors and Mistakes of Balthasar Russow by Heinrich Tisenhausen，translated by Jerry ［60］Barber，Malcolm，ed. The Military Orders，vol.1：Fighting for the Faith and Caring for the Sick. Variorum（Ashgate），Brookfield，1994. ［61］Burleigh，Michael. Prussian Society and the German Order：An Aristocratic Corporation in Crisis c.1410—1460. Cambridge University Press，Cambridge，1984. ［62］Christiansen，Eric，The Northern Crusades：The Baltic and the Catholic Frontier，1100—1525. Cambridge，1998. ［63］Davies，Norman. God’s Playground：A History of Poland in two volumes. Columbia，New York，1982. ［64］Evans，Geoffrey. Tannenberg 1410：1914. Hamish Hamilton，London，1970. ［65］Jasienica，Pawel（translated by Alexander Jordan）. Jagiellonian Poland. American Institute of Polish Culture，Miami，1978. ［66］Knoll，Paul. The Rise of the Polish Monarchy：Piast Poland in East Central Europe，1320—1370. University of Chicago Press，Chicago and London，1972. ［67］Murray，Alan V.，ed. Crusade and Conversion on the Baltic Frontier 1150—1500. Ashgate，Aldershot，2001. ［68］Nicholson，Helen，ed. The Military Orders，vol.2：Welfare and Warfare. Ashgate，Aldershot，Brookfield，Singapore and Sidney，1998. ［69］Nicholson，Helen，ed. Templars，Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights：Images of the Military Orders，1128—1291. Leicester University Press and St Martin’s，Leicester，London and New York，1993. ［70］Nicolle，David. Lake Peipus 1242：The Battle on the Ice. Osprey，London，1996. ［71］Rowell，Stephen C. Lithuania Ascending：A Pagan Empire within East-Central Europe，1294—1345. Cambridge University Press，Cambridge，1994. ［72］Turnbull，Stephen. Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights，vol.1：The Red Brick Castles of Prussia；and vol.2：The Stone Castles of Livonia. Reed，London，forthcoming 2003/2004. ［73］Turnbull，Stephen. Tannenberg 1410. Reed，London，forthcoming 2003/2004. ［74］Urban，William. The Baltic Crusade. 2nd edition，LRSC，Chicago，1994. ［75］Urban，William. The Prussian Crusade. 2nd edition，LRSC，Chicago，2000. ［76］Urban，William. The Samogitian Crusade. LRSC，Chicago，1989. ［77］Urban，William. Tannenberg and After：Poland，Lithuania and the Teutonic Order in Search of Immortality. Revised edition，LRSC，Chicago，2002. ［78］Arnold，Udo，ed. 800 Jahre Deutscher Orden. Bertelsman，Gütersloh/Munich，1990.（Catalogue of the exhibition in the German National Museum in Nürnberg in co-operation with the Internationale Historische Kommission zur Erforschung des Deutschen Ordens.） ［79］Benninghoven，Friedrich，ed. Unter Kreuz und Adler：der Deutsche Orden im Mittelalter. Hase & Koehler，Mainz，1990.（Catalogue of the exhibition of the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz，Berlin.） ［80］Kulnyt，Birut，ed. Lietuvos Istorijos Paminklai（Monuments of Lithuanian History）. Mintis，Vilnius，1990. ［81］Roesdahl，Else，and Wilson，David，eds. From Viking to Crusader：Scandinavia and Europe 800—1200. Rizzoli，New York，1992. ［82］Scriptores Rerum Livonicarum. Sammlung der Wichtigsten Chroniken und Geschichtsdenkmale von Liv-，Ehst-，und Kurland，edited by A.Hansen. 2 vols. E.Frantzen，Riga and Leipzig，1853. Carefully edited chronicles which are available elsewhere in more modern editions. ［83］Scriptores Rerum Prussicarum，edited by Theodore Hirsch and others. 6 vols. S.Hirzel，Leipzig，1861—74；Frankfurt，1965. Contains the chronicles of the Teutonic Order. ［84］Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae，edited by Leonid Arbusow and Albert Bauer. 2nd edition，Hahnsche，Hannover，1955. The standard scholarly edition. ［85］Livländische Reimchronik，edited by Leo Mayer. Georg Olms，Hildesheim，1963（reprint of 1876 edition）. The principal account of the period 1227—90. ［86］Preussische Urkundenbuch. Hartung，Königsberg，1882-；Elwert，Marburg/Lahn，1955-. Also：http：//www.phil.uni-erlangen.de/～plges/quellen/pub/4frame.html. The collected documents of the Teutonic Order. ［87］Liv-，Est-. und Kurländische Urkundenbuch，edited by Friedrich Georg von Bunge. 12 vols. H.Laakman，Reval，1853—9；Riga and Moscow，1867—1910. The collected documents of the Livonian Order. ［88］Das Zeugenverhör des Franciscus de Moliano（1312），edited by August Seraphim. Thomas Oppermann，Königsberg，1912. A transcript of the inquiry by the papal legate into the feud between Riga and the Teutonic Knights. Often incautiously mined for snappy quotes. ［89］Lites ac Res gestae inter Polonos Ordineque Cruciferorum. 3 vols. Kónicke，Poznań，1892. The papal legates’hearings into the Teutonic Knights’misdeeds in Poland. Also often used naively. ［90］Monumenta Poloniae Historica. 6 vols. Gravenhagen，1893；Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe，Warsaw，1961. Contains the minor chronicles. ［91］Johannis Długossi，Historiae Polonicae in Opera Omnia，edited by Alexander Przezdziecki. CZAS，Cracow，1876—8. The most important source for mediaeval Polish history. ［92］Arnold，Udo，ed. Die Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens 1190—1994. Elwert，Marburg，1998.（Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des Deutschen Ordens，6.） ［93］Benninghoven，Friedrich. Der Orden der Schwertbrüder. Böhlau，Köln-Graz，1965. ［94］Biskup，Marian，and Labuda，Gerard. Dzieje Zakonu Krzyżackiego w Prusach：Gospodarka-Społeczeństwo-Panstwo-Idelogia. Morskie，Gdańsk，1986. ［95］Boockmann，Harmut. Der Deutsche Orden：Zwölf Kapitel aus seiner Geschichte. Beck，München，1981. The most easily read overview. ［96］Ekdahl，Sven. Die Schlacht bei Tannenberg 1410，Quellenkritische Untersuchungen，vol.1：Einführung und Quellenunterlage. Duncker und Humblot，Berlin，1982. Highly recommended. ［97］Górski，Karol. L’Ordine Teutonico，alle Origini dello Stato Prussiano. Einaudi，Turin，1971. ［98］Jučas，Mečislovas. Žalgiro mūšis. 2nd edition，Baltos Lankos，Vilnius，1999. ［99］Kuczyński，Stefan. Spór o Grunwald. MON，Warsaw，1972. ［100］Labuda，Gerard，ed. Historia Pomorza，vol.1（in two parts）：do roku 1466. Wydawnictwo Poznańskie，Poznań，1972. ［101］Lowmiański，Henryk. Studia nad Dziejami Wielkiego Ksi stwa Litewskiego. UaM，Poznań，1983. ［102］Murawski，Klaus Eberhard. Zwischen Tannenberg und Thorn：Die Geschichte des Deutschen Ordens unter dem Hochmeister Konrad von Erlichshausen 1441—1449. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag，Göttingen，1953.（Göttinger Bausteine zur Geschichtswissenschaft，10—11.） ［103］Schumacher，Bruno. Geschichte Ost-und Westpreussens. 6th edition，Holner，Würzburg，1977. ［104］Tumler，P.Martin. Der Deutsche Orden：Werden，Wachsen und Wirkung bis 1400. Panorama，Wien，1955.