2022年北京社会建设分析报告

Ⅰ General Report
.1Vigorously Improve People's Wellbeing and Continue to Modernize Social Governance
—Report of Beijing Society-building in 2022　Li Junfu, Wang Shuxiang and Zhu Jiahui／001
Abstract：In 2021, Beijing has fully implemented the new development concept, and successfully completed the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Party. In the face of multiple tests such as the epidemic distribution, Beijing has achieved the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and society. Successfully preparation for the Beijing Winter Olympics, the city quality is further improved, the city sub-center construction has improved the quality, the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region continues to advance, the refinement of social governance is deepened, a new journey, the garbage classification management has achieved remarkable results, and the living environment is significantly improved. We made steady progress in ensuring people's wellbeing, and stepped up efforts to ensure the “7 You 5Xing”,bringing the 14th Five-Year Plan to a good start. At present, Beijing is still facing challenges such as social public services, shortcomings in social governance system, and still weak scientific and technological participation in urban management. It needs to continue to improve people's livelihood, improve the level of social services, and promote the modernization of social governance combined with intelligent science and technology.
Keywords: Social Construction; Social Governance; Public Services; Beijing

Ⅱ Special Report
.2Adhere to the Leading Standards, Promote High Quality Social Construction of Beijing in the New Era　Xu Zhijun／022
Abstract：Social construction is fundamental to the governance of the capital city. The paper summarizes the main achievements of Beijing's social construction since the 12th Party Congress of Beijing CPC from three aspects: the overall strengthening of the Party's leadership in social construction, the better satisfaction of the capital citizens' yearning for a better life, and the continuous new breakthroughs of Community-level social governance in mega-city. This paper puts forward thoughts and suggestions from four aspects: further strengthening the first good standard of social construction and Beijing characteristics, further improving the development of the people's livelihood in the capital city, further deepening the Party construction to guide grassroots governance innovation, and further improving the service ability level in the field of social construction.
Keywords: Social Construction；Mega-city；Grassroots Governance; Beijing

Ⅲ People's Livelihood and Well-being
.3Research Report on the Common Prosperity Level of Megacities　Li Sheng, Wang Shenghong, Li Xiaozhuang and Liu Xin／032
Abstract：Common prosperity requires both "development" and "sharing". Building a common prosperous society includes not only the dimension of high-quality economic development, but also the dimension of building social modernization. On the basis of understanding the connotation of common prosperity, this report puts forward an index system for measuring the common prosperity level of megacities from two dimensions of economy and society, and discusses the results of the common prosperity level of megacities by analyzing the existing statistical data. It is pointed out that the economic and social development level of megacities is higher than the national level, especially the level of social construction, which shows the high-quality development characteristics of common prosperity in the two dimensions of economy and society. It is also found that there are differences in the level of economic and social development among megacities, and Beijing, the capital, is in a leading position for common prosperity and development. In order to continuously promote the realization of common prosperity, on the one hand, we should continue to give full play to the economic and social development advantages of megacities, drive the economic and social development of other regions through benchmarking, and continuously narrow the regional development differences while realizing the sharing of development achievements; On the other hand, while continuously promoting high-quality economic development, we should pay more attention to social construction investment oriented to social modernization, and promote the all-round development of people as the main body through the coordinated development of economy and society.
Keywords: Megacities; Common Prosperity; Regional Difference; Social Construction

.4Research on the Mechanism of Charity in the Third Distribution
The Charity Work Office of the Civil Affairs Bureau and the Beijing Social work Committee／056
Abstract：The Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to play the role of third distributions, develop charity career, and change the pattern of income distribution. The Central Finance and Economics Committee meeting on August 17,2021 re-emphasized “common prosperity” and “third distributions”. The third distribution theory has become the current theoretical frontier and urgently needs to be explained theoretically from the connotation and extension. At the same time, how to give full play to the role of charity in the third distributions has also become a current policy hotspot, which is the focus of charity management departments at all levels and charity participants. This paper explores and interprets the significance of the third distribution theory, sorts out the mechanism of charity's role in the third distribution, and analyzes the existing and development trends based on the development of Beijing's charity career, and proposes the next stage of Beijing's charity reform and innovation policy recommendations.
Keywords: Third Distributions; Charity Career; Charitable Organization

.5 Analysis of the Change of Urban Residents' Family Eeducation Consumption under the “Double Reduction”　Zhao Weihua, Li Jingjing and Hou Na／071
Abstract：Since July 2021, the Double Reduction Policy was issued and implemented immediately. The policy is not only to reduce students' homework burden and family education burden, but also an important reform in the compulsory education, which has had a profound impact on school education and family education. This paper analyzes the changes and causes of the urban family education consumption after the policy in Beijing by means of data survey, officail statistic data and interview. The results show that the overall educational expenditure of Beijing urban families decreases after the Double Reduction Policy. The consumption items of curricular training have decreased overall, but the extra-curricular training has little change and many of them shift to online. The parents' high expectation and anxiety about education are sill. Tt is necessary to improve the quality, improve the capacity and increase the efficiency of schools education to meet the needs of diversified education. Some recommendations such as providing more public education services, parent education, and the Double Reduction Policy evaluation are given at last.
Keywords: Double Reduction Policy; Education Consumption; Education Anxiety

.6Research on Universal and Preferential Early Childhood Care Offers: Development Status and Policy Thinking on Effective Supply　Wang Min, Jin Fang／086
Abstract：At present, the heavy economic burden, the difficulty of early care of infants and young children, and the obstruction of women's career development have become important factors affecting fertility and fertility intentions. In order to solve the dilemma of family childcare and improve the people's willingness to have children, since 2019,the state has actively promoted universal childhood care offers and policies, a series of preferential packages for central and local policies, helping provinces and cities across the country to explore childcare programs with local characteristics. In recent years, Beijing has actively implemented the policy of encouraging the birth of three children and supporting measures, focusing on promoting inclusive childcare services. However, in general, there are problems such as insufficient total number of childcare services and coexistence of structural contradictions. This report is based on the current development status of early childhood care services in Beijing, and finds the difficulties and blockages in the development of universal and preferential childhood care services supply. This paper also puts forward corresponding policy reflections on the construction of an effective supply mechanism for universal and preferential early childcare services in megacity Beijing, during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period.
Keywords: Universal and Preferential Early Childhood Care; Family Care; Foster Care and Supply; Beijing

.7A Report on the Development of Basic Education in Beijing　Li Sheng，Zhu Mengzhe and Zhu He／102
Abstract：The development of basic education resources has always been an important path for Beijing to promote education equity and achieve high-quality development of education. On the basis of sorting out relevant policies of education resources, combining with the statistical of education, this report analyzes the development characteristics of basic education resources in Beijing. The report points out during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, Beijing launched a series of relevant policies to promote the equalization and high-quality development of educational resources, which made Beijing achieve phased results in the development of elementary and secondary education resources. However, it should be noted that there are still two major issues in the development of basic education resources in Beijing: unbalanced regional distribution and marketization defect of compulsory education. Therefore, on the one hand, information technology can be adopted to promote the sharing of high-quality teaching resources; on the other hand, the government needs to strengthen the overall planning of the allocation and organization of basic education resources to avoid the defects caused by the marketization of education. To ensure that basic education in the capital satisfies the people, we should build a new pattern of basic education in the capital, and improve the level of education modernization to promote the high-quality development of basic education resources in Beijing.
Keywords: Basic Education; Educational Resources; Equalization of Education; High-quality Development

.8The Organizational Logic and Problem Governance of Beijing Road Labor Market
—Based on T-district empirical investigation　Yang Guihong, Lu Ying／117
Abstract：The road labor market has become the main object of urban social governance due to its spontaneity and scattered forms, which lead to problems such as occupation of streets, traffic jams, and social security. The road labor market in Beijing continues to expand to the outer edge with the out-of-edge shift of urban construction and urban governance. In recent years, with the requirements of epidemic prevention and control, the organizational form of the road labor market tends to be socialized on WeChat, and the hierarchical structure is clear, forming a spontaneous organizational order, but it also brings the potential of disorder and newgovernance dilemmas. The rationality and inevitability of the existence of the road labor market in Beijing also determine the complexity and long-term nature of its problem solving. Using the methods of observation, interview and questionnaire, and based on the empirical investigation in T district, this paper analyzes the operation logic and internal formation of the road labor market in Beijing. On the basis of paying attention to its subjectivity, causes and existing value, it provides an empirical reference for solving the current social problems in Beijing.
Keywords: Road Labor Market; Organizational Order; Social Governance

.9Development Opportunities, Dilemmas and Countermeasures of Intelligent Elderly Care System in Beijing　Zhu He, Zhan Lunyu and Sun Jinghan／137
Abstract：In recent years, the degree of aging in Beijing is increasing year by year, and the growth of the demand for elderly care services presents a diversified and intelligent trend. At present, Beijing has built a trinity of home, community and institution pension model, through the combination of online and offline ways to build an intelligent pension service system. In the context of the epidemic, the elderly's three basic needs of shopping, medical care and facility maintenance provide the possibility for the establishment of an intelligent elderly care system. However, at the present stage, there are still some problems in intelligent pension: intelligent pension falls into the structural dilemma of supply and demand matching; The needs of the elderly cannot be solved by simple technological means; The boundary between intelligent pension and traditional pension is not clear. Based on this, it is suggested to give further play to the existing advantages of intelligent pension and optimize the allocation of resources, by mobilizing community personnel to support the construction of an intelligent elderly care system; the construction of a people-oriented intelligent pension system will be realized finally.
Keywords: Intelligent Elderly Care；Elderly Care Service; Beijing

.10Research on the Current Situation, Problems and Development Countermeasures of Community Elderly Care Service Stations in Beijing
Elderly Care Division of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Civil Affairs／150
Abstract：Focusing on the overall situation of the construction of community elderly care service stations in the city, the current situation of their operation and the effect of serving the elderly, 20 elderly care service stations were selected for special research. In view of the overall situation of the construction of community elderly care service stations, the current lack of self earning power, the mismatch between supply and demand in the landing link, the insufficient number of professionals and other problems, it is pointed out that the public welfare attributes of elderly care service stations should be further given, and the empty, accurate support, fine management, and upgraded services should be supplemented. It is proposed to improve the layout of elderly care service stations, strengthen the operation support of stations, strengthen the construction of station teams，strengthen the medical service function of the post station and compact the management function of the street territory.
Keywords: Community Elderly Care Service; Post Station Community Home-based; Elderly Care Service

.11Practice and Reflection of Hospice Care Service for the Elderly in Beijing　Lu Liqian, Yang Rong／164
Abstract：Beijing's aging population is deepening, and the health concept and life concept of the elderly group are gradually changing, which promotes the development of hospice care services for the elderly. Beijing introduced the hospice care service policy earlier in China, set up the hospice care pilot unit, expanded the hospice care service supply, promoted the standardized development of hospice care, and made hospice care more popular. Hospice care emphasizes the rich connotation of life and the concept of holistic care. A multidisciplinary team of doctors, nurses and social workers provides soothing treatment, comfort care, comfort service and grief counseling. In order to further develop hospice care, it is necessary to form a nursing mode that is in line with the actual situation in China, issue guiding opinions and working guidelines, strengthen life education and death education, pay attention to the construction of professional talents, and enhance the professional ability of employees.
Keywords: Aging；Hospice Care；The Aged Spiritual Care

.12A Research on the Development of Medical Social Work in Beijing under the Background of Normalization of Epidemic Prevention and Control　Wei Yaping, Liu Xiaoqian／180
Abstract：Medical social work refers to the use of social work values and professional methods by social workers in the field of health care to help patients and their families prevent, alleviate and solve emotional, psychological and social problems caused by diseases, by which the medical effects and public health can be improved and promoted. This research takes Beijing medical social work as the research object and discusses the characteristics of the organizational convergence phenomenon in the development of medical social work in Beijing under the background of normalization of epidemic prevention and control. The article answers the research question on how the institutional environment affects the organizational convergence of medical social work in Beijing. Meanwhile, it puts forward the development challenges and development prospects of medical social work in Beijing.
Keywords: Medical Social Work; Normalization of Epidemic Prevention and Control; New Institutionalism Theory

.13Research on Public Green Commutes in Beijing　Hu Jianguo, Zhu Yingjia／194
Abstract：Based on the questionnaire, this paper analyzes public green commutes in Beijing. Judging from the analysis results, the proportion of public green commutes that adopting public transportation is relatively high, but it still needs further improvement. In terms of the purchase and replacement of new energy automobiles, the public's acceptance is not high. However, relevant policy measures have a positive effect on promoting the public's acceptance and use of new energy automobiles. In addition, in terms of green travel in public transportation, increasing incentives can also stimulate the public's enthusiasm for green travel. Based on the research findings, suggestions are put forward to make full use of economic leverage to improve residents' green travel convenience and enhance residents' green travel experience, to promote residents' green travel.
Keywords: Carbon Neutral; Green Commute; Urban Governance; People's Livelihood

Ⅳ Social Governance
.14The Current Practice and Problems and Countermeasures of the Reform of the “Large Department System” of the Street Government in Beijing　An Yongjun／210
Abstract：This research adopts the research idea of “key analysis and general comparison”, selects 5 streets for field research, comprehensively analyzes the reform of the “large department system” of street government in Beijing, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for deepening the reform. The study found that the “real department system” of completely breaking small departments and the “imaginary department system” in which small departments and large departments coexisted are the two modes of the reform of the “large department system” in the street government. The reform of the “large department system” has enhanced the efficiency of system operation from two aspects: resource planning and internal coordination. In the actual operation of the “large department system”, there are problems such as the lack of deep internal organic integration, poor external coordination with top and bottom, unclear responsibilities and unclear levels of department-level cadres. The deepening of the reform of the “large department system” requires, on the one hand, to enhance the depth of integration within the large departments to release the reform dividends more thoroughly; on the other hand, to solve the new problems caused by the reform to enhance the external coordination efficiency of large departments and the incentive strength of section-level cadres.
Keywords: Street Management System; “Large Department System”; Grassroots Governance

.15Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Social Organizations' Participation in Community Waste Classification in Beijing　Xing Yuzhou，Liu Yifeng／221
Abstract：The classification of domestic waste is one of the “key little things” for the high-quality development, the fine management and the construction of an international harmonious and livable metropolis of the capital city. In recent years, with the extensive publicity and mobilization of the government and society, residents' awareness and action on waste classification have been greatly enhanced. Since the second anniversary of the implementation of the newly revised Beijing Domestic Waste Management Regulations, social organizations, as one of the main roles in the social governance system, have been an important force to promote the participation of multiple subjects in community waste classification. This paper analyzes the role and problems of social organizations' participation in community waste classification from the perspective of collaborative governance through several practical cases of social organizations' participation in promoting community waste classification, and proposes countermeasures to further expand social organizations' participation from the dimensions of policy support, cultivation development, function display and ability promotion.
Keywords: Social Organizations; Community Waste Classification; Collaborative Governance

.16Nurturing Social Organization in Community：A Case Study on the Participation of Social Work Agency in the Renovation of Older Communities　Han Xiuji, Cui Meiling／237
Abstract：Renovating old neighborhoods, improving the living environment, and promoting the quality of life have become the focus of government work in recent years, and have also become an important part of community governance and community services. This paper takes the promotion of comprehensive renovation of old neighborhoods in community B of Tongzhou District as an example, and finds that by introducing professional social work agency, community social organizations can be nurtured, guided, cultivated and supported to participate in comprehensive community renovation practices, and carry out organizational construction and residents mobilization, policy publicity, plan co-determination, discussion and supervision, platform construction and other matters, effectively unifying residents's demands, delivering policy effects, and accelerating the implementation of the renovation work smoothly and efficiently. This has produced the important value with reference significance in grass-roots social governance.
Keywords: Renovation of Older Community; Professional Social Work Agency; Nurture; Social Organizations in Community

.17Cooperation、Mobilization、Accompaniment: Exploring the Practical Path of Social Organizations' Participation in Grassroots Community Governance　Li Xiaoting, Zhang Mengyuan／251
Abstract：In the grassroots social governance structure of collaborative governance, social organizations, as important external forces involved in grassroots community governance, play an important role in regulating and guiding, cultivating and empowering, building platforms and linking mechanism construction. Through field research, we found that social organizations adopt the strategy of “systematic guidance and accompanying participation” throughout the social governance projects, and choose different participation paths in the face of different community governance subjects. In the face of community committees, social organizations adopt the cooperation path under the logic of “service effectiveness”; in the face of community residents, social organizations adopt the mobilization path under the logic of “demand orientation”; in the face of community social organizations, social organizations adopt the accompanying growth path under the logic of “effective operation”. In the face of the existing problems, it is necessary to continue to explore the path of integrating social organizations into community governance from the grassroots government and social organizations themselves.
Keywords: Grassroots Social Governance; Social Organizations; Action Strategies; Collaborative Governance

.18The Impact of News Reports on Public Sentiment in the COVID-19 in Beijing
—An Empirical Study Based on the official microblog of “people's Daily”　Ju Chunyan, Murong Kaixin／265
Abstract：As a “public health emergency of international concern”, COVID-19 has had a profound impact on the national economy and the people's livelihood. Information has the function of “eliminating uncertainty”, and news reports are the main channel for the public to obtain information. Doing a good job in news reporting and public opinion guidance is not only a major event in governance, national security and statehood, but also a necessary link and content in public opinion response to emergencies. This article focuses on the “Beijing epidemic” event in May 2022,and takes the official microblog of “people's Daily” as the research object to conduct an empirical study on how media news reports affect public sentiment. The research finds that the news frame and the emotional tone of news reports are the significant factors that affect the public mood. Appropriate reporting strategies of new government media can help calm public sentiment and help prevent and control the epidemic.
Keywords: Normalized Epidemic Prevention and Control; New Media of Government Affairs; News Reports; Public Sentiment

.19Research on the Classification of Domestic Waste in BeiJing under the Community field　Li Yang, Zhang Zhao／279
Abstract：Since the new revision and implementation of the Beijing municipal household waste management regulations, the Party committee leadership, government leadership, social coordination, and public participation in urban household waste management have gradually formed the environmental concept that maintaining the public environment and saving resources are the common responsibility of the whole society, and the material basis, institutional guarantee, and practical effect of household waste classification have been improved. But at the same time, as the main field of household waste classification, communities show great differences and imbalances-different types of communities, such as traditional neighborhood communities, single unit communities, integrated mixed communities, transitional succession communities and modern commercial housing communities, have different resource endowments, specific strategies and power relationship structures of participants. This paper analyzes the successful cases of old residential areas and commercial housing communities, and finds that although there are many differences in different types of residential areas, the participation of multiple subjects and their roles, functions and collaborative relationships in this process are the key factors affecting the effectiveness of the implementation of waste classification policies.
Keywords: Classification of Domestic Waste; Community Field; Old Residential Areas; Commercial Housing Community

Ⅴ Local Social Construction
.20Research on Circle Management and Precise Rescue Mechanism of Low-income People
—Take Shunyi District of Beijing as an Example　Social Work Committee and Civil Affairs Bureau of Shunyi District／297
Abstract：Shunyi District, as a pilot of the research project on the economic situation of low-income people determined by the Ministry of civil affairs, has continuously strengthened the construction of social assistance capacity, actively explored the establishment of a database on the economic situation of low-income families, gathered and coordinated the social assistance information of various departments, promoted “Internet + assistance”, and promoted the application of the information technology and management level of social assistance. Through the database, The government staffs can analyze and study the economic status data of low-income families, establish a scientific poverty index mechanism, simplify the relief process, innovate the management and service methods of low-income people, and promote the information sharing of various relief departments and the overall use of relief resources. We should innovate the “circle management” mode, realize the differentiated management of low-income families, ensure the insurance according to people, give full play to the bottom effect, enhance the bottom support ability, gradually expand from traditional relief objects to “expenditure type” poverty objects, and finally form a research model and method for the economic situation of low-income people that can be popularized and used throughout the country, so as to provide support for social assistance decisions.
Keywords: Accurate Identification; Resource Planning; Poverty Index Mechanism; Information Platform; Dynamic Management

.21Research on the Participation of Supportive Social Organizations in Urban Community Governance　Cao Feilian, Ren Huiqin／315
Abstract：As a professional force, supportive social organizations participate in various aspects of community governance by “introducing and nurturing multiple subjects”, “building support networks and promoting inter-subject cooperation”, “utilizing community public space” and “forming a long-term mechanism for community governance”. By “introducing and nurturing multiple subjects”, “building a support network and promoting cooperation among subjects” and “utilising community public space to form a long-term mechanism for community governance”, we have, on the one hand, built a pattern of shared governance with multiple subjects for collaborative community governance and, on the other, effectively revitalised and systematically increased the stock of social capital in the community. The formation of a collaborative community governance pattern and the accumulation of community social capital have a “mutual structure” relationship, and the synergistic development of the two enables the realisation of community governance and good governance.
Keywords: Social Capital; Supportive Social Organisations; Urban Community Governance; Collaborative Governance; Joint Governance

.22“Companion”: Reshape the Community Ecosystem and Make the Community Life Better
—Research on grassroots social mobilization based on community smart governance platform　Zhang Meisheng, Yang Xingxing and Chen Feng／336
Abstract：Social mobilization is a significant means to mobilize social resources and integrate social forces, and it is also an important method to promote social governance. Doing a good job of social mobilization is an essential prerequisite for building a new social governance pattern of co-construction, governance and sharing. Due to the deficiency of traditional social mobilization and the huge thrust brought by mobile Internet for social mobilization, “Internet + Grassroots Social Mobilization” has become an unavoidable path for reaching a consensus and cracking pain points of grassroots governance in the new era. The key to solving the problem lies in how to effectively integrate governance and technology. Based on the exploration and practice of a community smart governance platform-“Companion” APP, starting with interests, trust, shared value and joint empowerment, and by building a local media convergence platform with moderate scale, appropriate interaction and demonstrated temperature, we can empower urban grassroots social governance, repair the community “ecosystem”, and create a governance “community”, so that the social governance scene of co-construction, co-governance and sharing will gradually become a reality.
Keywords: Internet+Grassroots Mobilization; Grassroots Governance; Wisdom Governance