中日韩区域服务贸易自由

区域贸易协定已经成为多边贸易体制的一个显著特征，20世纪90年代末期以来，区域贸易协定大量涌现，大多数世界贸易组织成员都参与了一个或多个区域贸易安排。截至2013年7月31日，世界贸易组织已收到575个区域贸易协定通知（包括货物、服务贸易协定），其中，379个已生效。中日韩作为东亚地区最重要的经济体，经济结构具有一定的互补性，特别是近年来，三国之间的经贸往来不断加强，中国已成为韩国和日本的第一大贸易伙伴，韩国是中国的第四大贸易伙伴，日本也是中国的第三大贸易伙伴和第二大外资来源地。三国政府认为中日韩自由贸易区作为一个新的平台将进一步促进三国之间的贸易自由化和投资便利化，建立中日韩自由贸易区已成为三国共同的愿望。



服务贸易是多哈回合谈判中的一个重要领域，但随着多哈回合谈判的受阻，越来越多的国家选择区域贸易协定作为服务贸易自由化的一条路径。作为区域贸易协定的一个重要组成部分，服务贸易自由化和合作也将成为中日韩自由贸易区谈判的重要内容。目前，中国已签订的12个自由贸易协定，有10个都涉及服务贸易领域的内容，但合作伙伴国基本上都是发展中国家和新兴经济体，而中日韩自由贸易区框架下的服务贸易合作将是中国和发达国家之间的博弈。中日韩各国都有自己的竞争优势服务行业，中国服务业相对落后，特别是现代服务业与日本和韩国还有较大的差距。如何在区域服务贸易协定中确定承诺减让部门和承诺减让水平，服务贸易自由化对经济的影响如何，如何选择区域服务贸易的开放路径，如何制定对各国有利的制度安排，中国应采取何种开放战略，如何面对国外服务提供商的激烈竞争，这些问题都值得深入研究。



本书首先分析了中日韩服务贸易合作的基础、整体贸易情况和发展特点、产业内服务贸易水平、竞争力。通过这四个方面的综合分析反映出它们的优缺点，找到它们的竞争和互补部门。其次，对中日韩已参与的区域服务贸易实践进行比较研究，分析它们在多边和区域框架下的服务贸易开放水平、贸易壁垒和国内规制的情况，为中日韩服务贸易协定的建立寻找一个互利有效的制度安排。在此基础之上，通过实证方法来分析建立中日韩自由贸易协定将给中日韩三国带来多大的贸易创造效应。最后，为中国如何参与中日韩区域服务贸易协定给出一些政策和建议。



本书由六个部分组成，其结构安排如下。



第一章介绍了本书的研究背景与意义，研究思路与论文框架，并提出本书的研究方法，同时指出本书研究的创新与不足。



第二章是理论基础，对区域经济一体化静态、动态效应的相关理论，区域服务贸易自由化，多边和区域服务贸易自由化关系理论进行了介绍，为进一步研究中日韩区域服务贸易合作搭建一个理论框架。



第三章是分析中日韩服务贸易合作的基础，主要从中日韩服务贸易整体情况和发展特点、中日韩服务贸易部门的产业内贸易水平、利用TC指数和RCA指数三个方面分析三国服务贸易的合作基础，以此了解各国服务贸易存在的优势和不足以及供需状况。



第四章分析中日韩三国参与区域服务贸易的实践，探讨其合作的动因。通过比较三国签订的区域服务贸易协定，反映各自可接受的合作领域、开放程度，为三国间服务贸易合作设计一个完善的制度安排。



第五章主要对中日韩服务贸易自由化合作的贸易效应进行分析。通过建立引力模型分析中日韩签订自由服务贸易协定带来的贸易创造效应，并估计RTA的建立对三国的服务贸易出口潜力的影响。



第六章主要分析了中国在区域服务贸易合作进程中的战略选择，对服务贸易协定制度安排、开放部门、开放程度提出政策建议。







Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have become a prominent feature of the Multilateral Trading System. The surge in RTAs has continued unabated since late 1990s, most of the WTO members have taken part in one or more regional trade arrangements. As of 31 July 2013, some 575 notifications of RTAs (including trade agreements in both goods and services) had been received by the WTO. Of these, 379 notifications were have taken effect. As the most important economies in East Asia, China-Japan-South Korea economic structure has a certain degree of complementary. Especially in recent years, economic and trade exchanges among the three countries have been strengthened. China has become the largest trading partner of Japan and South Korea, and South Korea is China’s fourth largest trading partner, and also Japan is China’s third largest trading partner and second largest source of foreign investment. The three governments deem China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area as a new platform for further promoting trade liberalization and facilitating investment. The establishment of CJK FTA has become their common aspirations.



Trade in services was an important part in the negotiations of Doha Round. But with the suspension of the Doha round, more and more countries have opted for regional trade agreement as the path toward liberalization of trade in services. As an important component of regional trade agreements, the liberalization of and cooperation over trade in services will also be a key topic in the negotiations over CKJ Free Trade Area. At present, China has signed 12 FTAs, and 10 agreements contained the content of trade in services. But most of these partners are developing countries and emerging economies. Cooperation over trade in services based on China-Japan-South Korea FTA is a game among China and developed countries. China, Japan and South Korea have their own competitive advantage in the service industry, and China’s service  industry is relatively underdeveloped. In respect of modern service industry, there is a big gap between China and Japan and South Korea. How to determine the sectors of commitments and the level of concessions in regional trade in services agreement, what is the impact of the liberalization of trade in services on the economy, how to choose the opening path for regional liberation of trade in service, how to formulate mutually beneficial institutional arrangement for all countries, what kind of opening-up strategy should China adopt, how to face keen competition of foreign services providers? All of these issues are worthy of being in-depth studies.



Firstly, the book analyzes the basis for cooperation among China, Japan and south Korea over trade in services, overall trade situation and development features, intra-industry trade in services, andits competitive advantages. Through the analysis of these four aspects, their advantages and disadvantages are documeuted, and their competitive and complementation sector are found. Further more, we study China-Japan-South Korea involved in the practice of regional trade in services, analyze the liberalization level of their trade in services in the multilateral and regional framework, trade barriers and domestic regulation to help them find a mutually beneficial and effective institutional arrangements. On this basis, it tries to ascertain that if the three countries signed a free trade agreement will produce how much of the trade creation effect by Empirical research. Finally, it puts forward some policies and strategies for China to participate in CJK regional trade in services agreement.



This book is made up of six chapters and organized as follows:



The first chapter introduces research background and significance，research ideas and research framework of the dissertation. It presents the research methods and points out innovation and deficiency of the book.



The second chapter is theoretical foundation. It introduces theories of static and dynamic effects of regional economic integration, the regional liberalization of trade in services, multilateral and regional liberalization of trade in services relationship theory. It builds a theoretical framework for the study on regional cooperation of CJK trade in services.



The third chapter analyzes the basis for cooperation of China-Japan and South Korea trade in services. It analyzes the overall situation of trade in services and development features, intra-industry trade in special service sectors, and uses the TC index and RCA index to analyze the competitiveness. Through a combined analysis of three aspects, we realize their advantages and disadvantages, supply and demand conditions.



The fourth chapter analyzes the three countries involved in the practice of regional trade in services, exploring the motivation of cooperation. Through comparison of regional trade in services agreement signed by the three countries, we dentify areas in which they are willing to cooperate, determine their degree of openness, and to design an institutional arrangement for service trade cooperation among the three countries.



The fifth chapter analyzes the trade effect of liberalization and cooperation of CJK trade in services. Through establishing the gravity model, it analyzes the trade creation effect when CKJ signed a free trade in services agreement. The part also assessed potential export of trade in services among the three countries after building CKJ free trade area.



The sixth chapter mainly analyzes China’s strategic choice in the process of regional trade in services cooperation, proposes some policies and suggestions on institutional arrangements, the opening sector and the level of commitment.