论文

东方本土的认知模式对全球的启示

摘要

本文将东方本土的阴阳平衡认知模式作为一种全新的思维体系或思维框架。该认知模式虽植根于东方本土的文化传统,却对全球都有重大的启示意义,尤其是在悖论管理方面。本文的目的主要涵盖两个方面:第一,对比西方的逻辑体系来详尽阐释东方本土的阴阳平衡认知模式;第二,指出如何运用阴阳平衡认知模式解决管理中遇到的各种复杂问题,尤其是悖论式问题。首先,本文对比西方亚里士多德的形式逻辑和黑格尔的辩证逻辑,详细说明本土阴阳平衡认知模式的特点。其次,本文进一步探讨在越发重视悖论管理研究的今天该认知模式对全球所产生的重要启示意义。具体而言,本文认为相较于西方文献中的常用逻辑,阴阳平衡认知模式更适合于悖论管理。最后,本文还在阴阳平衡的基础上,提出“双重性图”作为悖论管理的实用工具。

作者

李平 ,博士,宁波诺丁汉大学国际企业管理领域李达三首席教授,丹麦哥本哈根商学院中国企业管理领域终身正教授,研究方向为发展中国家跨国公司赶超战略、中国传统思想在现代管理领域的应用。

参考文献 查看全部 ↓
  • 李平. 2013. 中国本土管理研究与中国传统哲学[J]. 管理学报,(9):1249-1261.
  • LI P. 2013. Indigenous research on Chinese management and Chinese traditional philosophies [J]. Chinese Journal of Management,(9):1249-1261.
  • 李平. 2017. 东西融合的典范:野中郁次郎与知识管理[J]. 清华管理评论,(1-2):92-98.
  • LI P. 2017. A model of East-West integration:Ikujiro Nonaka and knowledge management [J]. Tsinghua Business Review,(1-2):92-98.
  • ABRAM D. 1996. The Spell of the Sensuous:Perception and Language in a More Than Human World [M]. New York:Vintage Books.
  • ALTER A L,KWAN V S Y. 2009. Cultural sharing in a global village:evidence for extra cultural cognition in European Americans [J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,96(4):742-760.
  • ASHFORTH B E,REINGEN P H. 2014. Functions of dysfunction:managing the dynamics of an organizational duality in a natural food cooperative [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,59(3):474-516.
  • ASHFORTH B E,ROGERS K M,PRATT M G,PRADIES C. 2014. Ambivalence in organizations:a multilevel approach [J]. Organization Science,25(5):1453-1478.
  • ASHMOS D,HUBER G. 1987. The systems paradigm in organization theory:correcting the record and suggesting the future [J]. Academy of Management Review,12(4):607-621.
  • ATHERTON C. 1993. The Stoics on Ambiguity [M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  • BARTLETT C A,GHOSHAL S. 1998. Managing across borders:the transactional solution [M]. 2nd ed. Boston:Harvard Business School Press.
  • BAR-YAM Y. 1997. Dynamics of Complex Systems [M]. MA:Perseus Books,Reading.
  • BASSECHES M. 1984. Dialectical Thinking and Adult Development [M]. Ablex,NJ:Norwood.
  • BATTILANA J,LECA B,BOXENBAUM E. 2009. Agency and institutions:a review of institutional entrepreneurship [J]. Academy of Management Annals,3:65-107.
  • BENGTSSON M,KOCK S. 2014. Coopetition-Quo vadis?Past accomplishments and future challenges [J]. Industrial Marketing Management,43(2):180-188.
  • BLEDOW R,ROSING K,FRESE M. 2013. A dynamic perspective on affect and creativity [J]. Academy of Management Journal,56(2):432-450.
  • BOBKO P. 1985. Removing assumptions of bipolarity towards variation and circularity [J]. Academy of Management Review,10(1):99-108.
  • BOHM D. 1980. Wholeness and the Implicate Order [M]. London:Routledge.
  • BOHR N. 1958/1987. The Principal Writings of Niels Bohr [M]. Woodbridge,CT:Ox Bow Press.
  • BRENNER J E. 2008. Logic in Reality [M]. Dordrecht:Springer.
  • BYERS W. 2007. How Mathematicians Think:Using Ambiguity,Contradiction,and Paradox to Create Mathematics [M]. Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press.
  • CAPRA F. 1975. The Tao of Physics:An Exploration of the Parallels between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism [M]. Berkeley,CA:Shambhala.
  • CAPRA F. 1996. The Web of Life [M]. New York:Doubleday.
  • CHANG C Y. 1970. Creativity and Taoism:A Study of Chinese Philosophy,Art and Poetry [M]. New York:Hagerston.
  • CHEN D H,LI Z. 2015. Native soil and academic shrine [J]. Accounting Research,1(1):4-14(in Chinese).
  • CHEN M J. 2002. Transcending paradox:the Chinese “middle way” perspective [J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management,19(2):179-199.
  • CHEN M J. 2008. Reconceptualizing the competition-cooperation relationship:a transparadox perspective [J]. Journal of Management Inquire,17(4):288-304.
  • CHEN M J,MILLER D. 2011. The relational perspective as a business mindset:managerial implications for East and West [J]. Academy of Management Perspective,25(3):6-18.
  • CHENG C Y. 1977. Toward constructing a dialectics of harmonization:harmony and conflict in Chinese philosophy [J]. Journal of Chinese Philosophy,4(3):209-245.
  • CHIA R. 2010. Rediscovering becoming:insights from an oriental perspective on organization studies [M]//HERNES T,MAITLIS S,et al.Process,Sensemaking,and Organizing.Oxford:Oxford University Press:112-139.
  • CHIA R,HOLT R. 2007. Wisdom as learned ignorance:integrating East-West perspectives [M]//KESSLER E H,BAILEY J B,et al.Handbook of Organizational and Managerial Wisdom,CA:Thousand Oaks:505-527.
  • COHEN M D,MARCH J G,OLSEN J P. 1972. A garbage can model of organizational choice [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,17(1):1-25.
  • COLLINS J C,PORRAS J I. 1994. Built to Last:Successful Habits of Visionary Companies [M]. New York:Harper.
  • COWEN R. 2015. Space,time,entanglement [J]. Nature,527:290-293.
  • DA COSTA N C A,KRAUSE D. 2006. The logic of complementarity [M]//VAN BENTHEM,J,HEINZMANN G,REBUSCHI M,VISSER H et al.The Age of Alternative Logics:Assessing Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics Today. Dordrecht:Springer:103-120.
  • DAGNINO G,MINÀ A. 2021. Unraveling the philosophical foundations of co-opetition strategy [J]. Management and Organization Review,17(3):490-523.
  • DASTON A C. 1998. Fear and loathing of the imagination in science [J]. Daedalus,127(1):73-95.
  • DICKEN P. 2015. Global Shift:Mapping the Changing Contours of the World Economy [M]. 7th ed.New York:Guilford Press.
  • DODD D,FAVARO K. 2006. Managing the right tension [J]. Harvard Business Review,12:62-74.
  • EISENBERG E. 2007. Strategic Ambiguities:Essays on Communication,Organization,and Identity [M]. CA:Sage,Thousand Oaks.
  • ELKINGTON J. 1997. Cannibals with Forks:The Triple Bottom Line of Twenty-first Century Business [M]. Oxford:Capstone.
  • ESTES W K. 1994. Classification and Cognition [M]. New York:Oxford University Press.
  • EVANS P. 2000. The dualistic leader:thriving on paradox [M]//CHOWDHURY S.Management 21C:Someday We’ll All Lead this Way.London:Financial Times Prentice Hall:66-82.
  • FANG T. 2012. Yin Yang:a new perspective on culture [J]. Management and Organization Review,8(1):25-50.
  • FARJOUN M. 2010. Beyond dualism:stability and change as a duality [J]. Academy of Management Review,35(2):202-225.
  • FEI X T. 1992. From the Soil:The Foundations of Chinese Society [M]. Berkeley:University of California Press.
  • FENG Q. 1996. A Trilogy on Wisdom(3 Volumes) [M]. Shanghai:East China Normal University Press(in Chinese).
  • GAO C. 1994. The Traditional Chinese Mode of Cognition [M]. Jinan:Shandong University Press(in Chinese).
  • GARUD R,HARDY C,MAGUIRE S. 2007. Institutional entrepreneurship as embedded agency:an introduction to the special issue [J]. Organization Studies,28(7):957-969.
  • GERSICK C. 1991. Revolutionary change theories:a multilevel exploration of the punctuated equilibrium paradigm [J]. Academy of Management Review,16(1):10-36.
  • GIDDENS A. 1984. The Constitution of Society:Outline of the Theory of Structuration [M]. Cambridge:Polity Press.
  • GRAHAM A C. 1986. Yin-Yang and the Nature of Correlative Thinking [M]. Singapore:National University of Singapore Press.
  • GRAHAM A C. 1989. Disputers of Tao:Philosophical Arguments in Ancient China [M]. Chicago:Open Court.
  • GRANOVETTER M. 1985. Economic action and social structure:the problem of embeddedness [J]. American Journal of Sociology,91(3):481-510.
  • GU M D. 2005. The Zhouyi(Book of Changes)as an open classic:a semiotic analysis of its system of representation [J]. Philosophy East and West,55(2)2:257-282.
  • GUPTA A K,SMITH K G,SHALLEY C E. 2006. The interplay between exploration and exploitation [J]. Academy of Management Journal,49(4):693-706.
  • HAHN T,KNIGHT E. 2021. The ontology of organizational paradox:A quantum approach [J]. Academy of Management Review,6(2):362-384.
  • HALL D L. 1978. Process and anarchy-a Taoist vision of creativity [J]. Philosophy East and West,28(3):271-285.
  • HANDY C. 1994. The Age of Paradox [M]. Boston:Harvard Business School Press.
  • HIBBEN J G. 1902/2000. Hegel’s Logic:An Essay in Interpretation [M]. Kitchener:Batoche Books.
  • HOCK D. 2005. One From Many:Visa and the Rise of Chaordic Organization [M]. San Francisco:Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  • HONG J F L,SNELL R S. 2015. Knowledge development through co-petition:a case of a Japanese foreign subsidiary and its local suppliers [J]. Journal of World Business,50(4):769-780.
  • HOPKINS J. 1985. Nicholas of Cusa on Learned Ignorance:A Translation and An Appraisal of de Docta Ignorantia [M]. 2nd ed. Minneapolis:The Arthur J. Banning Press.
  • HUDECEK J. 2014. Reviving ancient Chinese mathematics:mathematics,history and politics in the work of Wu Wen-Tsun [M]. London:Routledge.
  • JACKSON W A. 1999. Dualism,duality and the complexity of economic institutions [J]. International Journal of Social Economics,26(4):545-558.
  • JING R T,VAN DE VEN A H. 2014. A Yin-yang model of organizational change:the case of CBG [J]. Management and Organization Review,10(1):29-54.
  • JOHANSSON F. 2006. The Medici effect:what elephants and epidemics can teach us about innovation [M]. Boston:Harvard Business School Press.
  • JOHNSON B. 2014. Polarity management:identifying and managing unsolvable problems [M]. Amherst:HRD Press.
  • JULLIEN F. 1998. Un sage est sans idée:ou l’autre de la philosophie [M].(Chinese translation:圣人无意:哲学的他者). Parisa and Beijing:Seuil and Commercial Press(Chinese edition,2004).
  • JULLIEN F. 2012. Entrer dans une pensee ou Des possibles de l’esprit [M].(Chinese translation:进入思想之门:思维的多元性). Paris and Beijing:Gallimard and Peking University Press(Chinese edition,2014).
  • KELSO J A S,ENGSTROM D A. 2006. The Complementarity Nature [M]. Cambridge:The MIT Press.
  • KIM W C,MAUBORGNE R A. 2005. Blue Ocean Strategy:How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant [M]. Boston:Harvard Business Press.
  • KLINKE A,RENN O. 2002. A new approach to risk evaluation and management:risk-based,precaution-based,and discourse-based strategies [J]. Risk Analysis,22(6):1071-1094.
  • KNIGHT F H. 1921. Risk,Uncertainty and Profit [M]. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.
  • KOUNIOS J,BEEMAN M. 2014. The cognitive neuroscience of insight [J] Annual Review of Psychology,65:71-93.
  • KUHN T. 1962. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions [M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
  • LAVIE D,STETTNERU,TUSHMAN M L. 2010. Exploration and exploitation within and across organizations [J]. Academy of Management Annals,4:109-155.
  • LAWRENCE P R,LORSCH J W. 1967. Differentiation and integration in complex organizations [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,12(1):1-47.
  • LESLIE J,LI P P,ZHAO J. 2015. Managing paradox:blending philosophies to unlock its advantages and opportunities [R]. Greensboro:White Paper,Center for Creative Leadership.
  • LESTER R K,PIORE M J. 2004. Innovation:The Missing Dimension [M]. Boston:Harvard University Press.
  • LEVINE D N. 1985. The Flight from Ambiguity [M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
  • LEVINTHAL D A,MARCH J G. 1993. The myopia of learning [J]. Strategic Management Journal,14(S2):95-112.
  • LEWIS M. 2000. Exploring paradox:toward a more comprehensive guide [J]. Academy of Management Review,25(4):760-776.
  • LI C. 2014a. The Confucian Philosophy of Harmony [M]. London:Routledge.
  • LI P P. 1998. Toward a geocentric framework of organizational form:a holistic,dynamic and paradoxical approach [J]. Organization Studies,19(5):829-861.
  • LI P P. 2008. Toward a geocentric framework of trust:an application to organizational trust [J]. Management and Organization Review,4(3):413-439.
  • LI P P. 2010. Toward a learning-based view of internationalization:the accelerated trajectories of cross-border learning for latecomers [J]. Journal of International Management,16(1):43-59.
  • LI P P. 2012a. Toward an integrative framework of indigenous research:the geocentric implications of Yin-Yang balance [J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management,29(4):849-872.
  • LI P P. 2012b. Exploring the unique roles of trust and play in private creativity:from the complexity-ambiguity-metaphor to the trust-play-creativity link [J]. Journal of Trust Research,2(1):71-97.
  • LI P P. 2012c. Toward research-practice balancing in management:the Yin-Yang method for open-ended and open-minded research [M]//WANG C L,KETCHEN D J,BERGH D D,et al.Research Methodology in Strategy and Management,Vol.8.Somerville:Emerald:91-141.
  • LI P P. 2014b. The unique value of Yin-Yang balancing:a critical response [J]. Management and Organizational Review,10(2):321-332.
  • LI P P. 2014c. Toward the geocentric framework of intuition:the Yin-Yang balancing between the Eastern and Western perspectives on intuition [M]//SINCLAIR M,et al.Handbook of Research Methods on Intuition,Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishers:28-41.
  • LI P P. 2016. Global implications of the indigenous epistemological system from the East [J]. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management,23(1):42-77.
  • LI P P. 2021. The meta-perspective of Yin-Yang balancing:Salient implications for organizational management. In Interdisciplinary Dialogues on Organizational Paradox:Learning from Belief and Science(Part 73A) [M]//BEDNAREK R,CUNHA M P,SCHAD J,SMITH W,et al. 2021. Bingley:Emerald(Research in the Sociology of Organizations Series):51-73.
  • LI P P,LI Y,LIU H. 2012. The exploration-exploitation link reframed from paradox into duality [R]. Copenhagen:Working Paper,Copenhagen Business School.
  • LIANG S M. 1921/1997. The Cultures and Philosophies between the East and the West [M]. Beijing:The Commerce Press(in Chinese).
  • LIN D M,LU J Y,LI P P,LIU X H. 2015. Balancing formality and informality in business exchanges as a duality:a comparative case study of returnee and local entrepreneurs in China [J]. Management and Organization Review,11(2):315-342.
  • LLOYD G E R. 1966. Polarity and Analogy:Two Types of Argumentation in Early Greek Thought [M]. Cambridge:Cambridge Univ ersity. Press.
  • LLOYD G E R. 2007. Cognitive Variations:Reflections on the Unity and Diversity of the Human Mind [M]. New York:Oxford University Press.
  • LORD R G,DINH J E,HOFFMAN E L. 2015. A quantum approach to time and organizational change [J]. Academy of Management Review,40(2):263-290.
  • MCGILCHRIST I. 2009. The Master and His Emissary:The Divided Brain and the Making of the Western World [M]. New Haven:Yale University Press.
  • MARCH J G. 1982. The technology of foolishness [M]//MARCH J. G,OLSEN J P,et al.Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations,Bergen:Universiteforlaget:69-81.
  • MARCH J G. 1991. Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning [J]. Organization Science,2(1)1:71-87.
  • MARCH J G. 1994. A Primer on Decision Making:How Decisions Happen [M]. New York:Free Press.
  • MARTIN R. 2007. The Opposable Mind:How Successful Leaders Win through Integrative Thinking [M]. Boston:Harvard Business Press.
  • MCCRAW T.K. 2007. Prophet of Innovation Joseph Schumpeter and Creative Destruction [M]. Cambridge,Boston:Harvard University Press.
  • MEACHAM J A. 1990. The loss of wisdom [M]//STERNBERG R J,et al.Wisdom,Its Nature,Origins,and Development.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press:181-212.
  • MINTZBERG H,WATERS J A. 1985. Of strategies:deliberate and emergent [J]. Strategic Management Journal,6(3):257-272.
  • MORIN E. 2008. On Complexity [M]. Cresskill:Hampton Press.
  • NAGJI B,TUFF G. 2012. Managing your innovation portfolio [J]. Harvard Business Review,5:67-74.
  • NEEDHAM J. 1956. Science and Civilization in China,Vol.2:History of Scientific Thought [M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  • NELSON R R. 2015. Physics envy:get over it [J]. Issues in Science and Technology,31(3):71-78.
  • NISBETT R. 2003. The Geography of Thought:How Asians and Westerns Think Differently and Why [M]. London:Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
  • NISBETT R,PENG K,CHOI I,NORENZANAN A. 2001. Culture and system of thoughts:holistic versus analytic cognition [J]. Psychological Review,108(2):291-310.
  • NONAKA I. 1994. A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation [J]. Organization Science,5(1):14-37.
  • O’REILLY C A,TUSHMAN M L. 2013. Organizational ambidexterity:past,present,and future [J]. Academy of Management Perspective,27(4):324-338.
  • PANG P. 1995. Three-in-one:The Study of the Chinese Traditional Thinking [M]. Shenzhen:Haitian Press(in Chinese).
  • PEAT F D. 2002. From Certainty to Uncertainty:The Story of Science and Ideas in the Twentieth Century [M]. Washington:Joseph Henry Press.
  • PENG K,NISBETT R. 1999. Culture,dialectics,and reasoning about contradiction [J]. The American Psychologist,54(9):741-754.
  • PENG K,NISBETT R. 2000. Dialectical responses to questions about dialectical thinking [J]. The American Psychologist,55(9):1067-1068.
  • PIERCE J R,AGUINIS H. 2013. The too-much-of-a-good-thing effect in management [J]. Journal of Management,39(2):313-338.
  • POINCARÉ H. 1913/1946. The Foundations of Science:Science and Hypothesis,the Value of Science,Science and Method [M]. Lancaster:Science Press.
  • POOLE M S,VAN DE VEN A H. 1989. Using paradox to build management and organization theories [J]. Academy of Management Review,14(4):562-578.
  • PRAHALAD C,DOZ Y L. 1987. The Multinational Mission:Balancing Local Demands and Global Vision [M]. New York:Free Press.
  • PRIGOGINE I,STENGERS I. 1984. Order Out of Chaos:Man’s New Dialogue with Nature [M]. New York:Bantam Books.
  • RAISCH S,BIRKINSHAW J. 2008. Organizational ambidexterity:antecedents,outcomes,and moderators [J]. Journal of Management,34(3):375-409.
  • RAZA-ULLAH T,BENGTSSONM,KOCK S. 2014. The coopetition paradox and tension in coopetition at multiple levels [J]. Industrial Marketing Management,43(2),189-198.
  • REINECKE J,ANSARI S. 2015. When times collide:temporal brokerage at the intersection of markets and developments [J]. Academy of Management Journal,58(2):618-648.
  • SCHARMER O,KAUFER K. 2013. Leading from the Emerging Future:from Ego-system to Eco-system Economies [M]. San Francisco:Berrett-Koehler Publishing.
  • SCHUMPETER J. 1942. Capitalism,Socialism,and Democracy [M]. London:George Allen & Unwin.
  • SCHWARTZ B I. 1973. On the absence of reductionism in Chinese thought [J]. Journal of Chinese Philosophy,1(1):27-44.
  • SEO M G,CREED W E D. 2002. Institutional contradictions,praxis,and institutional change:a dialectical perspective [J]. Academy of Management Review,27(2):222-247.
  • SCHAD J,LEWIS M W,RAISCH S,et al. 2016. Paradox research in management science:Looking back to move forward [J]. Academy of Management Annals,10:5-64.
  • SHLAIN L. 1998. The Alphabet Versus the Goddess:The Conflict between Word and Image [M]. New York:Penguin.
  • SIMON H. 1957. Models of Man [M]. New York:Wiley.
  • SIU R G H. 1957. The Tao of Science:An Essay on Western Knowledge and Eastern Wisdom [M]. Boston:The MIT Press.
  • SMETS M,JARZABKOWSKI P,BURKE G T,et al. 2015. Reinsurance trading in Lloyd’s of London:balancing conflicting-yet-complementary logics in practice [J]. Academy of Management Journal,58(3):932-970.
  • SMITH W K,LEWIS M W. 2011. Toward a theory of paradox:a dynamic equilibrium model of organizing [J]. Academy of Management Review,36(2):381-403.
  • STACEY R D,GRIFFIN D,SHAW P. 2000. Complexity and Management [M]. London:Routledge.
  • STALH G K,TUNG R L. 2015. Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies:the need for positive cross-cultural scholarship [J]. Journal of International Business Studies,46(4):391-414.
  • STARK D. 2009. The Sense of Dissonance:Accounts of Worth in Economic Life [M]. New Haven:Princeton University Press.
  • SUDDABY R,HARDY C,HUY Q H. 2011. Where are the new theories of organization:introduction to the Special Topic Forum [J]. Academy of Management Review,36(2):236-246.
  • TAKAHASHI M,OVERTON W F. 2005. Cultural foundations of wisdom:an integrated developmental approach [M]//STERNBERG R J,JORDAN J.A Handbook of Wisdom:Psychological Perspectives.New York:Cambridge University Press:32-60.
  • TIAN C. 2002. Tongbian in the Chinese reading of dialectical materialism [J]. Philosophy East and West,52(1):126-144.
  • TUNG R. 2014. Requisites to and ways of developing a global mind-set:implications for research on leadership and organizations [J]. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies,21(4):329-337.
  • UZZI B. 1997. Social structure and competition in interfirm networks:the paradox of embeddedness [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,42(1):35-67.
  • VAN HEIJENOORT J. 1963. Gödel’s theorem [M]//EDWARDS P.Encyclopedia of Philosophy,Vol.3.New York:Macmillan:348-357.
  • WALKER W E,HARREMOËS P,ROTMANS J,et al. 2003. Defining uncertainty:a conceptual basis for uncertainty management in model based decision support [J]. Integrated Assessment,4:5-17.
  • WATT A W. 1957,et al.The Way of Zen [M]. New York:Vintage Books.
  • WEAVER W. 1948. Science and complexity [J]. American Scientist,36(4):536-544.
  • WEICK K E. 1976. Educational organizations as loosely-coupled systems [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,21(1):1-19.
  • WEICK K E. 1995. Sensemaking in Organizations [M]. Thousand Oaks:Sage.
  • WEICK K E. 2006. Faith,evidence,and action:better guesses in an unknowable world [J]. Organization Studies,27(11):1723-1736.
  • WEICK K E,PUTNAM T. 2006. Organizing for mindfulness:eastern wisdom and Western knowledge [J]. Journal of Management Inquiry,15(1):1-13.
  • WEINER E. 2016. The Geography of Genius:A Search for the World’s Most Creative Places from Ancient Athens to Silicon Valley [M]. New York:Simon & Schuster.
  • WONG W C. 2006. Understanding dialectical thinking from a cultural-historical perspective [J]. Philosophical Psychology,19(2):239-260.
  • YU C. 2009. On the Integration of the Chinese and Western Epistemologies [M]. Beijing:People’s Press(in Chinese).
  • ZHANG L W. 1991. I Ching and Confucianism-taoism-moism [M]. Taipei:Dongda Press(in Chinese).
  • ZHANG W R. 2011. Yin-Yang Bipolar Relativity:A Unifying Theory of Nature,Agents and Causality with Applications in Quantum Computing,Cognitive Informatics and Life Sciences [M]. Hershey:IGI Global.
  • ZHANG W R,ZHANG L. 2004. Yin-Yang bipolar logic and bipolar fuzzy logic [J]. Information Science,165(S3-4):265-287.
  • ZHANG Y,WALDMAN D,HAN Y L,et al. 2015. Paradoxical leader behavior in people management:antecedents and consequences [J]. Academy of Management Journal,58(2):538-566.

东方本土的认知模式对全球的启示

可试读20%内容 PDF阅读 阅读器阅览

试读已结束,剩余80%未读

¥24.41 查看全文 >

VIP免费

论文目录

  • 一 对范式转移的迫切需求
    1. (一)悖论的独特挑战
    2. (二)西方认识论体系的局限
  • 二 东方的阴阳平衡认知模式
    1. (一)东方智慧哲学的特点
    2. (二)悖论、二元论和双重性之间的相互关系
    3. (三)“both/and”逻辑与“either/and”逻辑的区别
  • 三 有关阴阳平衡哲学科学性的研究
  • 四 将阴阳平衡应用于悖论管理
    1. (一)阴阳平衡对全球悖论管理的启示
    2. (二)“双重性图”作为悖论管理的新工具
  • 五 讨论和结语

论文图片/图表

查看更多>>>