论文

人心秩序:敬畏特质及其对腐败行为意向的抑制效应

摘要

敬畏特质是一种“人心秩序”,是具有积极力量的心理品质。本研究通过两个子研究探索了敬畏特质对腐败行为意向的影响。研究1采用问卷测量法,结果发现,敬畏特质与腐败行为意向呈显著负相关;研究2通过组合句子任务,启动被试的敬畏特质相关概念,结果发现,敬畏特质启动组被试的腐败行为意向显著低于控制组。研究表明,敬畏特质对腐败行为意向具有显著的抑制效应,能够有效降低个体的腐败行为意向。研究结果符合中国文化中“心存敬畏之心,方能行有所止”的敬畏思想,对“敬畏之心”的培养和腐败行为的减少具有一定的理论与实践意义。

作者

赵欢欢 ,上海师范大学教育学院心理学系副教授。
张和云 ,上海师范大学教育学院心理学系副教授。
许燕 ,北京师范大学心理学部教授

参考文献 查看全部 ↓
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  • 钱广荣,2015,《理性敬畏品质及其培育析论——从孔子的“君子有三畏”说起》,《齐鲁学刊》第5期。
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  • Boer,D.,& Fischer,R.(2013). How and when do personal values guide our attitudes and sociality?Explaining cross-cultural variability in attitude-value linkages. Psychological Bulletin,139(5),1113-1147.
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  • Chang,E.C.C.,& Chu,Y.H.(2006). Corruption and trust:Exceptionalism in Asian democracies?Journal of Politics,68(2),259-271.
  • Curtin,S.(2005). Nature,wild animals and tourism:An experiential view. Journal of Ecotourism,4(1),1-15.
  • Fredrickson,B.L.,Cohn,M.A.,Coffey,K.A.,Pek,J.,& Finkel,S.M.(2008). Open hearts build lives:Positive emotions,induced through loving-kindness meditation,build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,95(5),1045-1062.
  • Gordon,A.M.,Stellar,J.E.,Anderson,C.L.,McNeil,G.D.,Loew,D.,& Keltner,D.(2016). The dark side of the sublime:Distinguishing a threat-based variant of awe. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,113(2),310-328.
  • Higgins,E.T.,Rholes,W.S.,& Jones,C.R.(1977). Category accessibility and impression formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,13(2),141-154.
  • Ibaneza,L.,Moureaub,N.,& Roussel,S.(2017). How do incidental emotions impact pro-environmental behavior?Evidence from the dictator game. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics,66,150-155.
  • Jeffry,J.,& Andresen,M.D.(1999). Awe and the transforming of awarenesses. Contemporary Psychoanalysis,35(3),507-521.
  • Jiang,L.,Yin,J.,Mei,D.,Zhu,H.,& Zhou,X.(2018). Awe weakens the desire for money. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology,12,e4.
  • Keltner,D.,& Haidt,J.(2003). Approaching awe,a moral,spiritual,andaesthetic emotion. Cognition and Emotion,17(2),297-314.
  • Leon,C.J.,Arana,J.E.,& de Leon,J.(2013). Valuing the social cost of corruption using subjective well being data and the technique of vignettes. Applied Economics,45(27),3863-3870.
  • Leong,C.-H.,& Lin,W.(2009). “Show me the money!” Construct and predictive validation of the intercultural business corruptibility scale(IBCS). In C.-H.Leong & J.W.Berry(eds.)Intercultural relations in AsiaMigration and work effectiveness,pp.151-176. Singapore:World Scientific.
  • Mo,P.H.(2001). Corruption and economic growth. Journal of Comparative Economics,29(1),66-79.
  • North,D.C.(1990). Institutions,institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  • Peterson,C.,& Seligman,M.(2004). Character strengths and virtues:A handbook and classification. New York:Oxford University Press.
  • Piff,P.K.,Dietze,P.,Feinberg,M.,Stancato,D.M.,& Keltner,D.(2015). Awe,the small self,and prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,108(6),883-899.
  • Podobnik,B.,Shao,J.,Njavro,D.,Ivanov,P.C.,& Stanley,H.E.(2008). Influence of corruption on economic growth rate and foreign investment. The European Physical Journal B,63(4),547-550.
  • Podsakoff,P.M.,MacKenzie,S.B.,Lee,J.Y.,& Podsakoff,N.P.(2003). Common method biases in behavioral research:A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology,88(5),879-903.
  • Prade,C.,& Saroglou,V.(2016). Awe’s effects on generosity and helping. The Journal of Positive Psychology,11(5),522-530.
  • Preston,J.L.,& Shin,F.(2017). Spiritual experiences evoke awe through the small self in both religious and non-religious individuals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,70,212-221.
  • Rabl,T.,& Kuhlmann,T.M.(2008). Understanding corruption in organizations-development and empirical assessment of an action model. Journal of Business Ethics,82(2),477-495.
  • Rudd,M.,Vohs,K.D.,& Aaker,J.(2012). Awe expands people’s perception of time,alters decision making,and enhances well-being. Psychological Science,23(10),1130-1136.
  • Schuessler,K.,Hittle,D.,& Cardascia,J.(1978). Measuring responding desirably with attitude-opinion items. Social Psychology,41(3),224-235.
  • Shiota,M.N.,Campos,B.,& Keltner,D.(2003). The faces of positive emotion:Prototype displays of awe,amusement,and pride. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1000,296-299.
  • Srull,T.K.,& Wyer,R.S.(1979). The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons:Some determinants and implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,37(10),1660-1672.
  • Stell,A.J.,& Farsides,T.(2016). Brief loving-kindness meditation reduces racial bias,mediated by positive other-regarding emotions. Motivation and Emotion,40(1),140-147.
  • Stellar,J.E.,Gordon,A.,Anderson,C.L.,Piff,P.K.,McNeil,G.D.,& Keltner,D.(2018). Awe and Humility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,114(2),258-269.
  • Stellar,J.E.,Gordon,A.M.,Piff,P.K.,Cordaro,D.,Anderson,C.L.,Bai,Y.,Maruskin,L.A. & Keltner,D.(2017). Self-transcendent emotions and their social functions:Compassion,gratitude,and awe bind us to others through prosociality. EmotionReview,9,200-207.
  • Tay,L.,Herian,M.N.,& Diener,E.(2014). Detrimental effects of corruption and subjective well-being:Whether,how,and when. Social Psychological and Personality Science,5(7),751-759.
  • Van Cappellen,P.,& Saroglou,V.(2012). Awe activates religious and spiritual feelings and behavioral intentions. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality,4(3),223-236.
  • Van Cappellen,P.,Saroglou,V.,Iweins,C.,Piovesana,M.,& Fredrickson,B.L.(2013). Self-transcendent positive emotions increase spirituality through basic world assumptions. Cognition and Emotion,27(8),1378-1394.
  • Van Cappellen,P.,Toth-Gauthier,M.,Saroglou,V.,& Fredrickson,B.L.(2016). Religion and well-being:The mediating role of positive emotions. Journal of Happiness Studies,17(2),485-505.
  • Walker,A.G.,Smither,J.W.,& DeBode,J.(2012). The effects of religiosity on ethical judgments. Journal of Business Ethics,106,437-452.
  • Wu,Y.,& Zhu,J.(2016). When are people unhappy?Corruption experience,environment,and life satisfaction in mainland China. Journal of Happiness Studies,17(3),1125-1147.
  • Zhao,H.,Zhang,H.,& Xu,Y.(2016). Does the Dark Triad of personality predict corrupt intention?The mediating role of belief in good luck. Frontiers in Psychology,7,608.
  • Zhao,H.,Zhang,H.,& Xu,Y.(2019a). Effects of perceived descriptive norms on corrupt intention:The mediating role of moral disengagement. International Journal of Psychology,54(1),93-101.
  • Zhao,H.,Zhang,H.,& Xu,Y.(2019b). How social face consciousness influences corrupt intention:Examining the effects of Honesty-Humility and moral disengagement. The Journal of Social Psychology,159(4),443-458.
  • Zhao,H.,Zhang,H.,Xu,Y.,He,W.,& Lu,J.(2019). Why are people high in dispositional awe happier?The roles of meaning in life and materialism. Frontiers in Psychology,10,1208.
  • Zhao,H.,Zhang,H.,Xu,Y.,Lu,J.,& He,W.(2018). Relation between awe and environmentalism:The role of social dominance orientation. Frontiers in Psychology,9,2367.
  • 陈刚、李树,2013,《管制、腐败与幸福——来自CGSS(2006)的经验证据》,《世界经济文汇》第4期。
  • 迟毓凯,2005,《人格与情境启动对亲社会行为的影响》,博士后研究工作报告,华东师范大学。
  • 董蕊,2016,《大学生敬畏情绪与主观幸福感》,《教育与教学研究》第5期。
  • 李谷、周晖、丁如一,2013,《道德自我调节对亲社会行为和违规行为的影响》,《心理学报》第6期。
  • 刘文剑,2016,《常怀敬畏之心,常修从政之德——谈儒家敬畏思想》,《中国纪检监察报》第8期。
  • 刘宣文、杨波,2004,《以人格教育为切入点实施发展性辅导的实验研究》,《心理科学》第3期。
  • 苗贵云,2011,《论敬畏感的缺失及培养》,《河南科技学院学报》第11期。
  • 钱广荣,2015,《理性敬畏品质及其培育析论——从孔子的“君子有三畏”说起》,《齐鲁学刊》第5期。
  • 王登峰、崔红,2005,《解读中国人的人格》,北京:社会科学文献出版社。
  • 赵欢欢、许燕、张和云,2019,《中国人敬畏特质的心理结构研究》,《心理学探新》第4期。
  • 周营军,2010,《道德敬畏:个体道德养成的心理机制》,《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)第4期。
  • 朱贻庭,2011,《伦理学大辞典》,上海:上海辞书出版社。
  • Ahmad,E.,Ullah,M.A.,& Arfeen,M.I.(2012). Does corruption affect economic growth?Latin American Journal of Economics,49(2),277-305.
  • Alesina,A.,& Angeletos,G.M.(2005). Corruption,inequality,and fairness. Journal of Monetary Economics,52(7),1227-1244.
  • Algoe,S.B.,& Haidt,J(2009). Witnessing excellence in action:The “other-praising” emotions of elevation,gratitude,and admiration. Journal of Positive Psychology,4(2),105-127.
  • Bai,Y.,Maruskin,L.A.,Chen,S.,Gordon,A.M.,Stellar,J.E.,McNeil,G. D.,& Peng,K.(2017). Awe,the diminished self,and collective engagement:Universals and cultural variations in the small self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,113(2),185-209.
  • Banerjee,R.(2016). Corruption,norm violation and decay in social capital. Journal of Public Economics,137,14-27.
  • Bargh,J.A.,Chen,M.,& Burrows,L.(1996). Automaticity of social behavior:Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,71(2),230-244.
  • Bargh,J.A.,Gollwitzer,P.M.,Lee-Chai,A.,Barndollar,K.,& Trötschel,R.(2001). The automated will:Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,81(6),1014-1027.
  • Boer,D.,& Fischer,R.(2013). How and when do personal values guide our attitudes and sociality?Explaining cross-cultural variability in attitude-value linkages. Psychological Bulletin,139(5),1113-1147.
  • Bonner,E.T.,& Friedman,H.L.(2011). A conceptual clarification of the experience of awe:An interpretative phenomenological analysis. The Humanistic Psychologist,39(3),222-235.
  • Chang,E.C.C.,& Chu,Y.H.(2006). Corruption and trust:Exceptionalism in Asian democracies?Journal of Politics,68(2),259-271.
  • Curtin,S.(2005). Nature,wild animals and tourism:An experiential view. Journal of Ecotourism,4(1),1-15.
  • Fredrickson,B.L.,Cohn,M.A.,Coffey,K.A.,Pek,J.,& Finkel,S.M.(2008). Open hearts build lives:Positive emotions,induced through loving-kindness meditation,build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,95(5),1045-1062.
  • Gordon,A.M.,Stellar,J.E.,Anderson,C.L.,McNeil,G.D.,Loew,D.,& Keltner,D.(2016). The dark side of the sublime:Distinguishing a threat-based variant of awe. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,113(2),310-328.
  • Higgins,E.T.,Rholes,W.S.,& Jones,C.R.(1977). Category accessibility and impression formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,13(2),141-154.
  • Ibaneza,L.,Moureaub,N.,& Roussel,S.(2017). How do incidental emotions impact pro-environmental behavior?Evidence from the dictator game. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics,66,150-155.
  • Jeffry,J.,& Andresen,M.D.(1999). Awe and the transforming of awarenesses. Contemporary Psychoanalysis,35(3),507-521.
  • Jiang,L.,Yin,J.,Mei,D.,Zhu,H.,& Zhou,X.(2018). Awe weakens the desire for money. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology,12,e4.
  • Keltner,D.,& Haidt,J.(2003). Approaching awe,a moral,spiritual,andaesthetic emotion. Cognition and Emotion,17(2),297-314.
  • Leon,C.J.,Arana,J.E.,& de Leon,J.(2013). Valuing the social cost of corruption using subjective well being data and the technique of vignettes. Applied Economics,45(27),3863-3870.
  • Leong,C.-H.,& Lin,W.(2009). “Show me the money!” Construct and predictive validation of the intercultural business corruptibility scale(IBCS). In C.-H.Leong & J.W.Berry(eds.)Intercultural relations in AsiaMigration and work effectiveness,pp.151-176. Singapore:World Scientific.
  • Mo,P.H.(2001). Corruption and economic growth. Journal of Comparative Economics,29(1),66-79.
  • North,D.C.(1990). Institutions,institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  • Peterson,C.,& Seligman,M.(2004). Character strengths and virtues:A handbook and classification. New York:Oxford University Press.
  • Piff,P.K.,Dietze,P.,Feinberg,M.,Stancato,D.M.,& Keltner,D.(2015). Awe,the small self,and prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,108(6),883-899.
  • Podobnik,B.,Shao,J.,Njavro,D.,Ivanov,P.C.,& Stanley,H.E.(2008). Influence of corruption on economic growth rate and foreign investment. The European Physical Journal B,63(4),547-550.
  • Podsakoff,P.M.,MacKenzie,S.B.,Lee,J.Y.,& Podsakoff,N.P.(2003). Common method biases in behavioral research:A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology,88(5),879-903.
  • Prade,C.,& Saroglou,V.(2016). Awe’s effects on generosity and helping. The Journal of Positive Psychology,11(5),522-530.
  • Preston,J.L.,& Shin,F.(2017). Spiritual experiences evoke awe through the small self in both religious and non-religious individuals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,70,212-221.
  • Rabl,T.,& Kuhlmann,T.M.(2008). Understanding corruption in organizations-development and empirical assessment of an action model. Journal of Business Ethics,82(2),477-495.
  • Rudd,M.,Vohs,K.D.,& Aaker,J.(2012). Awe expands people’s perception of time,alters decision making,and enhances well-being. Psychological Science,23(10),1130-1136.
  • Schuessler,K.,Hittle,D.,& Cardascia,J.(1978). Measuring responding desirably with attitude-opinion items. Social Psychology,41(3),224-235.
  • Shiota,M.N.,Campos,B.,& Keltner,D.(2003). The faces of positive emotion:Prototype displays of awe,amusement,and pride. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1000,296-299.
  • Srull,T.K.,& Wyer,R.S.(1979). The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons:Some determinants and implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,37(10),1660-1672.
  • Stell,A.J.,& Farsides,T.(2016). Brief loving-kindness meditation reduces racial bias,mediated by positive other-regarding emotions. Motivation and Emotion,40(1),140-147.
  • Stellar,J.E.,Gordon,A.,Anderson,C.L.,Piff,P.K.,McNeil,G.D.,& Keltner,D.(2018). Awe and Humility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,114(2),258-269.
  • Stellar,J.E.,Gordon,A.M.,Piff,P.K.,Cordaro,D.,Anderson,C.L.,Bai,Y.,Maruskin,L.A. & Keltner,D.(2017). Self-transcendent emotions and their social functions:Compassion,gratitude,and awe bind us to others through prosociality. EmotionReview,9,200-207.
  • Tay,L.,Herian,M.N.,& Diener,E.(2014). Detrimental effects of corruption and subjective well-being:Whether,how,and when. Social Psychological and Personality Science,5(7),751-759.
  • Van Cappellen,P.,& Saroglou,V.(2012). Awe activates religious and spiritual feelings and behavioral intentions. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality,4(3),223-236.
  • Van Cappellen,P.,Saroglou,V.,Iweins,C.,Piovesana,M.,& Fredrickson,B.L.(2013). Self-transcendent positive emotions increase spirituality through basic world assumptions. Cognition and Emotion,27(8),1378-1394.
  • Van Cappellen,P.,Toth-Gauthier,M.,Saroglou,V.,& Fredrickson,B.L.(2016). Religion and well-being:The mediating role of positive emotions. Journal of Happiness Studies,17(2),485-505.
  • Walker,A.G.,Smither,J.W.,& DeBode,J.(2012). The effects of religiosity on ethical judgments. Journal of Business Ethics,106,437-452.
  • Wu,Y.,& Zhu,J.(2016). When are people unhappy?Corruption experience,environment,and life satisfaction in mainland China. Journal of Happiness Studies,17(3),1125-1147.
  • Zhao,H.,Zhang,H.,& Xu,Y.(2016). Does the Dark Triad of personality predict corrupt intention?The mediating role of belief in good luck. Frontiers in Psychology,7,608.
  • Zhao,H.,Zhang,H.,& Xu,Y.(2019a). Effects of perceived descriptive norms on corrupt intention:The mediating role of moral disengagement. International Journal of Psychology,54(1),93-101.
  • Zhao,H.,Zhang,H.,& Xu,Y.(2019b). How social face consciousness influences corrupt intention:Examining the effects of Honesty-Humility and moral disengagement. The Journal of Social Psychology,159(4),443-458.
  • Zhao,H.,Zhang,H.,Xu,Y.,He,W.,& Lu,J.(2019). Why are people high in dispositional awe happier?The roles of meaning in life and materialism. Frontiers in Psychology,10,1208.
  • Zhao,H.,Zhang,H.,Xu,Y.,Lu,J.,& He,W.(2018). Relation between awe and environmentalism:The role of social dominance orientation. Frontiers in Psychology,9,2367.

人心秩序:敬畏特质及其对腐败行为意向的抑制效应

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论文目录

  • 一 引言
    1. (一)敬畏特质
    2. (二)敬畏特质与腐败行为
  • 二 研究1:敬畏特质与腐败行为意向的关系
    1. (一)被试
    2. (二)研究工具
      1. 1.敬畏特质量表
      2. 2.腐败行为意向量表
      3. 3.社会赞许性量表
    3. (三)结果
      1. 1.共同方法偏差检验
      2. 2.描述和相关分析
      3. 3.敬畏特质与腐败行为意向的关系
    4. (四)讨论
  • 三 研究2:敬畏特质启动对腐败行为意向的影响
    1. (一)被试
    2. (二)实验设计和程序
    3. (三)实验材料
      1. 1.敬畏特质词汇
      2. 2.腐败行为意向
      3. 3.控制变量
    4. (四)结果
    5. (五)讨论
  • 四 讨论与结论

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