摘要
工人不稳定性已经成为全球性的重要问题。但是，许多对工人不稳定性的讨论已经偏离了这个概念在马克思主义政治经济批判中所发挥的核心作用。本文将追溯不稳定性劳动这个概念的经典历史唯物主义起源，包括马克思的资本主义积累的一般规律和他的“劳动后备军”概念。此外，本文还将讨论诸如哈里·布雷弗曼和斯蒂芬·海默等重要马克思主义政治经济学家的相关著作。通过运用这些理论基础和国际劳工组织的数据，本文将提供对当今全球劳动后备军范围的经验估计。
作者
贾米尔·乔纳
约翰·福斯特 ，男，美国俄勒冈大学（University of Oregon）社会学系教授。研究兴趣聚焦于资本主义政治经济与危机、生态危机、马克思主义理论。代表作有《赤裸的帝国主义》（Naked Imperialism，2006）、《脆弱的星球：环境经济简史》（The Vulnerable Planet:A Short Economic History of the Environment，1999）、《垄断资本主义理论》（The Theory of Monopoly Capitalism，1986）等，曾在《美国社会学期刊》（American Journal of Sociology）、《每月评论》、《组织与环境》等期刊上发表学术论文多篇。
苏熠慧 ，上海财经大学人文学院副教授。
姚建华
- Allison，Anne. 2013. . Durnham，NH：Duke University Press.
- Amin，Samir. 2013a. . New York：Monthly Review Press.
- Amin，Samir. 2013b. New York：Monthly Review Press.
- Appay，Béatrice. 2010. ‘“Precarization”and Flexibility in the Labour Process.’In ，edited by Carole Thornley，Steve Jefferys and Béatrice Appay，23-39.Cheltenham，UK：Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Barbier，Jean-Claude. 2004. ‘A Comparative Analysis of“Employment Precariousness”in Europe.’ In ，edited by Marie-Thérèse Letablier，7-18.European Research ＆ Policy（Xnat）and Economic ＆ Social Research Council（ESRC）.
- Bourdieu，Pierre. 1963. [Work and Workers in Algeria].Paris：Mouton.http：//www.worldcat.org/title/travail-et-travailleurs-enalgerie/oclc/299887820.
- Bourdieu，Pierre. 1999. . Translated by Richard Nice.New York：The New Press.
- Braverman，Harry. 1998/1974. New York：Monthly Review Press.
- Braverman，Harry. 1975. ‘Work and Unemployment.’ 27（2）：18-32.
- Braverman，Harry. 1994. ‘The Making of the U.S.Working Class.’ 46（6）：14-35.
- Butler，Judith. 2013. ‘Exercising Freedom.’（Interview by Eliza Kania.） 1，no.1，http：//revjournal.org/exercising-freedominterview-with-judith-butler/.
- Davis，Mike. 2007. . New York：Verso.
- Engels，Friedrich. 1993/1845. . Oxford，UK：Oxford University Press.
- Fashoyin，Tayo，Michele Tiraboschi，Malcolm Sargeant and Martina Ori，eds.2013. . Newcastle，UK：Cambridge Scholars.
- Foster，John and Robert McChesney. 2012. New York：Monthly Review Press.
- Foster，John，Robert McChesney and Jamil Jonna. 2011‘The Global Reserve Army of Labor and the New Imperialism.’ 63（6）：1-31.
- Fracchia，Joseph. 2008. ‘The Capitalist Labour-Process and the Body in Pain：The Corporeal Depths of Marx's Concept of Immiseration.’ 16（4）：35-66.
- Fudge，Judy and Kendra Strauss. 2013. ‘Temporary Work，Agencies and Unfree Labour.’In ，edited by Judy Fudge and Kendra Strauss，1-25.New York and London：Routledge.
- Fudge，Judy and Rosemary Owens，eds.2006. . Portland，OR：Hart Publishing.
- Gorz，Andre. 2001/1980. . London：Pluto Press.
- Hymer，Stephen. 1979. . Cambridge，MA：Cambridge University Press.
- ILO. 2014. ‘Global Employment Trends 2014.’Geneva：International Labour Organization.
- ILO. 2015a. ‘World Employment and Social Outlook：The Changing Nature of Jobs.’Geneva：International Labour Organization.
- ILO. 2015b. ‘Key Indicators of the Labour Market（KILM）.’Geneva：International Labour Organization.
- Jonna，Jamil and John Foster. 2014. ‘Beyond the Degradation of Labor：Harry Braverman and the Structure of the U.S.Working Class.’ 66（5）：1-23.
- Kalleberg，Arne. 2011. . New York：Russell Sage Foundation.
- Kalleberg. 2012. ‘Job Quality and Precarious Work：Clarifications，Controversies，and Challenges.’ 39（4）：427-48.
- Kalleberg，Arne，Barbara Reskin and Ken Hudson. 2000. ‘Bad Jobs in America：Standard and Nonstandard Employment Relations and Job Quality in the United States.’ 65（2）：256-78.
- Kolko，Joyce. 1988. . New York：Pantheon.
- Leopold，David. 2003. ‘Introduction’in William Morris， Oxford，UK：Oxford University Press.
- Magdoff，Fred. 2004. ‘A Precarious Existence：The Fate of Billions？’ 55（9）：1-14.
- Magdoff，Fred and John Foster，2014. ‘The Plight of the U.S.Working Class.’ 65（8）：1-22.
- Marx，Karl. 1976/1867. ，Vol.1.London：Penguin.
- Marx，Karl. 1981/1863-1865. ，Vol.3.London：Penguin.
- Marx，Karl and Friedrich Engels. 1964/1848. New York：Monthly Review Press.
- Marx，Karl. 1975. ，Vol.6.New York：International Publishers.
- Mészáros，István. 2015. . New York：Monthly Review Press.
- Morris，William. 1896/1888. . London：Longmans，Green and Co.
- Morris，William. 1915. . London：Longmans，Green and Co.
- Morris，William. 1969. . Detroit，MI：Wayne State University.
- Olsthoorn，Martin. 2014. ‘Measuring Precarious Employment：A Proposal for Two Indicators of Precarious Employment Based on Set-Theory and Tested with Dutch Labor Market-Data.’ 119（1）：421-41.
- Quinlan，Michael. 2012. ‘The“Pre-Invention”of Precarious Employment：The Changing World of Work in Context.’ 23（4）：3-24.
- Rosdolsky，Roman. 1977. London：Pluto Press.
- Salmon，Nick. 1996. . Bristol，UK：Thoemmes Press.
- Seymour，Richard. 2012. ‘We Are All Precarious—On the Concept of the“Precariat”and Its Misuses.’ ，February 10，http：//www.new-leftproject.org/index.php/site/article_comments/we_are_all_precarious_on_the_concept_of_the_precariat_and_its_misuses.
- Standing，Guy. 2011. London：Bloomsbury Academic.
- Thompson，Edward. 1976. . New York：Pantheon.
- Vosko，Leah. 2000. . Toronto：University of Toronto Press.
- Vosko，Leah. 2010. . New York：Oxford University Press.
- Wacquant，Loïc. 2007. ‘Territorial Stigmatization in the Age of Advanced Marginality.’ 91（1）：66-77.
- Wilson，William. 1987. Chicago，IL：University of Chicago Press.
