章节

社会流动、公平与招聘政策

摘要

人们往往相信增进公平(equity)能够促进社会流动(social mobility),不过如果从现实(例如英国的现实)出发审视这一观点,它却越来越令人难以信服。人们重视公平,有一部分原因是,能通过公平选拔精英从而提升效能(efficiency)。目前,社会学理论认为,相信公平能促进效能的定式,可能限制在促进社会流动方面的改革。这一理论填补了人力资源管理(Human Resource Management,HRM)方面的空白,文献显示:当管理者做出招聘决定的时候,很难看出他们必然要提高组织效能。他们的决定受制于组织内外的招聘政策,而不单是为了提升企业效能。组织内部的招聘政策对管理决策有特别重大的影响;而组织外部,(举例来说)立法者和压力集团对管理决策也会产生影响。这些政策设定了在招聘过程中的公平标准。大多数情况下,这些决策只是令外界相信它们是为效能服务的,而怎么衡量效能却是由政策决定的。既然政策是死板的,那么,无论是在英国还是别的地方,通过提升公平来促进社会流动并没有取得充分的进展,也就不足为怪了。

关键词

作者

拉尔夫·费夫尔(Ralph Fevre) Ralph Fevre自1995年起在卡迪夫大学任社会研究教授(Professor of Social Research)。他有多部著作,包括:The Sociology of Labour Markets(Harvester-Wheatsheaf 1992),The Demoralization of Western Culture(Continuum 2000),The New Sociology of Economic Behaviour(Sage 2003),与Lewis、Robinson和Jones合著的Trouble at Work(Bloomsbury,2011)。他的近作有:与Grainger、Brewer共同发表在British Journal of Industrial Relations的“Discrimination and Unfair Treatment in the Workplace”,与Robinson、Jones 和Lewis在Work,Employment and Society共同发表的“The Ill-treatment of Disabled Employees in British Workplaces”和“The Power of Nightmares:Flexibility,Insecurity,Social Theory”。作者通信地址:Ralph Fevre,Glamorgan Building,King Edward VII Avenue,Cardiff CF10 3WT,United Kingdom.E-mail:fevre@cardiff.ac.uk。
向静林 ,中国社会科学院社会学研究所助理研究员。

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社会流动、公平与招聘政策

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