报告

南非的创新、研究和可持续发展

摘要

本文从科技创新政策、创新资金和人才供给、科技交流等方面对南非的科研创新情况进行分析。南非属于混合型经济体,较为开放,但因市场失灵等经济结构问题,产业竞争力下滑。政府为缓解市场失灵开展了广泛的政策试验,如发布《科技白皮书》《研发战略》等,重组或新建国家研究基金会等机构。在科研资金方面,全社会研发支出占GDP比重的长期均值约为0.8%,远低于先前设定的目标,且增长步伐缓慢。在人才培养方面,南非公立教育薄弱,研究人员总量增长停滞,人才体制陷入困境,无法满足经济增长和创新的需求。在科技交流方面,南非的科研体系越来越开放,呈现出科研体系高度多样化、偏重生物医学领域的特点。与其他金砖国家相比,南非在科学创新产出方面成绩靠前。

作者

〔南非〕迈克尔·卡恩 迈克尔·卡恩(Michael Kahn),博士,研究创新政策独立顾问,南非斯泰伦博斯大学和西开普大学特聘教授,研究领域为研究与创新政策。

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南非的创新、研究和可持续发展

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