论文

机器习得人类知识的前提:具备身体抑或掌握语言?

摘要

人工智能研究自20世纪中叶兴起,伴随其出现的还有关于人工智能未来的哲学探讨。关于人工智能,一个重要的哲学话题是:人工智能是否能够最终复刻人类的智能?本文回顾了现象学哲学家休伯特·德雷福斯和社会学家哈里·柯林斯关于人工智能的一系列观点与争论。他们二人从不同的学术脉络中提出了自己对于人工智能未来的悲观预测。对于德雷福斯而言,具备类人的身体和具身性(embodiment)是人工智能习得人类知识的前提;而对于柯林斯而言,人工智能只有掌握语言并嵌入人类社会之中,才有可能具备人类的智能。

作者

贺久恒 ,康奈尔大学科学技术学系博士生。

参考文献 查看全部 ↓
  • 休伯特·德雷福斯,2003,《计算机不能做什么?》,社会科学文献出版社。
  • 徐献军,2019,《德雷福斯对人工智能的批判仍然成立吗?》,《自然辩证法研究》第1期,第15~20页。
  • Collins,Harry.1990.. Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
  • Collins,Harry.1992.“Hubert Dreyfus,Forms of Life,and a Simple Test for Machine Intelligence.” 22:726-739.
  • Collins,Harry.1996.“Embedded or Embodied:Hubert Dreyfus's Can't Do?’” 80(1):99-117.
  • Collins,Harry.2004a.“Interactional Expertise as a Third Kind of Knowledge.” 3(2):125-143.
  • Collins,Harry.2004b.“The Trouble with Madeleine.” 3(2):165-170.
  • Collins,Harry.2008.“Response to Selinger on Dreyfus.” 7:309-311.
  • Collins,Harry and Robert Evans.2008..Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
  • Collins,Harry.2018.. Cambridge:Polit.
  • Collins,Harry.2019.“Remembering Bert Dreyfus”. 34:373-376.
  • Dreyfus,Hubert.1965. Santa Monica,CA:RAND Corporation.
  • Dreyfus,Hubert.1967.“Why Computers Must Have Bodies in Order to Be Intelligent.” 21(1):13-32.
  • Dreyfus,Hubert.1972..Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
  • Dreyfus,Hubert,and Stuart E.Dreyfus.1988. New York:Free Press.
  • Dreyfus,Hubert.1992.“Response to Collins:Artificial Experts.” 22:717-726.
  • Newell,Allen,Cliff Shaw and Herbert Simon.1958.“Chess-playing Programs and the Problem of Complexity.” 2(4):320-335.
  • Nilsson,Nils J.2009..Cambridge University Press.
  • Pickering,Andrew.2010..Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
  • Rosenblatt,Frank.1958.“The Perceptron:A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brain.” 65(6):386-408.
  • Sacks,Oliver.1985..London:Duckworth.
  • Selfridge,Oliver.1955,“Pattern Recognition and Modern Computers.”In ,pp.91-93.
  • Selinger,Evan.2003.“The Necessity of Embodiment:The Dreyfus-Collins Debate.” 47(3):266-279.
  • Selinger,Evan,Hubert Dreyfus and Harry Collins.2007.“Embodiment and Interactional Expertise.”In Collins(ed.),,38(4):722-740.
  • Selinger,Evan.2008.“Collins's Incorrect Depiction of Dreyfus's Critique of Artificial Intelligence.” 7:301-308.
  • Turing,Alan.1950.“Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” 59(236):433-460.

机器习得人类知识的前提:具备身体抑或掌握语言?

可试读20%内容 PDF阅读 阅读器阅览

试读已结束,剩余80%未读

¥9.09 查看全文 >

VIP免费