摘要
以往针对突发事件的应急管理是狭义的,以公共安全为目标的应急管理则是广义的。以公共安全治理为目标实现应急管理由狭义向广义的超越,既是应急管理实践突破瓶颈的内在需求,也是面向风险社会提升公共安全保障能力的必然选择。狭义应急管理的理论基础是“三角模型”,强调对象上的全灾害管理、过程上的全过程管理、结构上的多主体参与。广义应急管理即公共安全治理的理论基础则是“三棱锥模型”,它在“三角模型”的基础上,还特别强调公共安全作为结果的实现程度。为此,要将公共安全作为优先的政策目标,通过多元参与和过程互动来推动风险治理、应急管理和危机治理的协同发展,达致公共安全治理目标、手段和结果的有机统一,以应对新兴风险、极端灾害和跨界危机的挑战。相应的案例分析显示,在中国的制度情境中,“三棱锥模型”具有适用性。以公共安全治理实现应急管理由狭义向广义的超越,这是一次整体性改革,需要从国家战略的高度予以规划。
作者
张海波 ,南京大学政府管理学院教授,博士生导师,副院长,江苏省中安应急管理研究院理事长,南京大学社会风险与公共危机管理研究中心(江苏省社会风险管理研究基地)执行主任,南京大学数据智能与交叉创新实验室副主任,CSSCI集刊《风险灾害危机研究》执行主编,国家社科基金重大项目“提升我国应急管理体系与能力现代化水平研究”首席专家。研究领域为应急管理(危机管理/风险管理)、公共安全、社会治理等。出版著作《中国应急管理:理论、实践、政策》《中国转型期公共危机治理》《公共安全管理:整合与重构》《中国转型期的社会风险及识别》等。
童星 ,南京大学政府管理学院教授、博士生导师,南京大学社会风险和公共危机管理研究中心主任,江苏省社会风险研究基地主任。
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