韩国发展报告（2013）

2012年是李明博“实用型政府”五年任期的最后一年。韩国国内政治热点纷呈，李明博时代即将曲终人散，引发了各界对他的一系列褒贬不一的评论。安哲秀在政治舞台上的进退吸引着人们的眼球，但最引人注目的是第19届国会议员选举和总统大选。国会议员选举的结果是保守派势力继续在国会中保持优势地位，这也为总统大选做好了铺垫。2012年12月的总统大选，朴槿惠以微弱优势击败民主统合党候选人文在寅，成为韩国宪政史上的首位女性总统。新政府如何与朝野政党展开互动、实施新政，有效地推进政治民主化和经济民主化，需要朴槿惠在执政期间超越保守和进步两大阵营之间的对立，稳步地进行内政、外交等方面的革新。



在世界经济整体上仍陷于因欧洲主权债务危机不断扩散而导致的停滞和持续低迷的背景下，2012年韩国的经济仍然取得了很好的发展，尤其是外贸总额继2011年后再次突破1万亿美元大关，并上升为世界第八大贸易国。2013年韩国经济的发展依然面临着低利率、低增长以及老龄化等主要问题。中日韩FTA谈判能否在2013年取得实质性进展，2013年2月上任的总统朴槿惠将制定和采取怎样的对内对外政策，将对韩国2013年及未来一个时期的发展产生重要影响。



在2012年东北亚各国政府换届大潮中，韩国政府以安保和经济外交为中心，继续保持对美国紧密的同盟关系，韩美联合军演更加密集地举行。与中国等其他大国的关系稳步发展，全球化外交则进一步凸显了韩国在国际社会上的地位。朝韩关系基本保持了稳定，但受换届产生的不确定性因素及突发事件的影响，朝韩关系没有持续缓和之势，陷入止步不前状态。2013年，朴槿惠新政府将继续加强与美中等大国的关系，推进2012年11月正式启动的中日韩FTA谈判，并将致力于改善朝韩关系。当然，朝韩关系的改善不会一帆风顺，在新的政策磨合期间会有一些紧张气流涌现，而且受核试验等敏感问题及周边大国矛盾的影响，朝韩关系不排除再次走向高度对立的可能。



2012年适逢中韩建交20周年。“20年来，中韩作为友好邻邦，在文化上互通共融，在外交上互利共赢，在经贸上优势互补，在科技上互相促进。”中韩关系取得了令人瞩目的成绩，获得了长足而全面的发展。为庆祝中韩建交20周年，双方举行了一系列交流活动。2013年，双方将进一步深化中韩战略合作伙伴关系，保持高层交往，加强政治、经济、人文等领域的交流合作，加紧两国FTA谈判的步伐，共同推动中韩关系取得新的更大发展。















The
year of 2012 is the last year of Practical Government in the five-year office term of Lee Myung-bak.There are so many
political issues in South Korea and mixed reviews on his times.It is more
attractive about political advance and retreat of Ahn Cheol-soo.However，the biggest issue is the election of membes of the 19th congress and
the president.The result of the election of congress is that the conservatives
still hold the dominant position，which paved the way
for presidential election.In the election in December 2012，Park Geun-hye
got a narrow victory from Moon Jae-in，who is the candidate of Democratic United Party，and became the first female president in history of South Korean
constitutional government.It is a challenge for Park Geun-hye to proceed reform in
domestic and foreign policy by solving the confrontation of conservative and
progressive parties on the problem how to interact with other parties and impel
economic and political democracy.



South
Korea got a good economic development in 2012 in the background that the world
economy remains weak because of the European debt crisis，especially in foreign trade.It became the the Worlds 8th trading nation after
gaining a trillion dollars again.However，the
economic development will also face problems of low interest rate，low growth and the aging of population in 2013.The development of
South Korea in 2013 or future will be influenced by whether the FTA negotiation
can show substantial progress and what domestic and foreign polices can be made
out by Park Geun-hye.



In
the tide of general elections of Northeast Asia in 2012，South Korea kept its relations with US by focusing on security and
economic diplomacy.It got a steady pace in relation development with China and
other powers，and its international diplomacy showed its
international standinAlthough the inter-Korean relations between
North and South Korea is basically stable，there is no
sign of detente because of some uncertain factors and emergency.President Park
will continue to strengthen the relations with US and China，impel the FTA negotiation which was initiated in November 2012，and devote herself to improving relations between North and South
Korea although it will not go smoothly or even become another highly
antagonistic situation because of the nuclear test and contradictions among
surrounding powers.



The
year of 2012 will be the 20th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic
relations between China and South Korea.In the last 20 years，we exchanged our needs in culture，shared and
won in diplomacy，complemented each other in economy and
trade，promoted mutually in science and technology.The
Sino-South
Korea relation saw a outstanding achievement and a rapid development.In order
to celebrate the anniversary，both sides held a series
of exchange activities.In 2013，the two countries will
deepen their strategic partnership，keep high-level exchanges，do more cooperation in the fields of politics，economy and humanity.The FTA negotiation will also be sped up to
promote a new development of Sino-South Korea relation.