论文

解读“凯恩斯悖论”——关于生产率分享的思考

摘要

凯恩斯在1930年发表的一篇论文中预测,生产率将得到极大的提高,以致困扰人类的经济问题将在一百年之后得到解决。他预见在生产率提高的过程中,将始终伴随着成长中的烦恼和调整中的痛楚,事实上提出了一个如何分享生产率成果的命题。本文称之为“凯恩斯悖论”。本文从经济史和经济学说史角度揭示,这个以悖论形式存在的命题提出了一个关于经济发展的真实问题,并且与另一个著名的命题即“索洛悖论”具有逻辑上和经验事实上的密切关联,因而可以成为解答后者的钥匙。本文阐释了在创造性破坏机制作用受到制约条件下,普遍产生的资源配置僵化和退化现象,是技术进步过程中整体生产率提高受阻的原因,因而做出一个关于索洛悖论的另类解释。本文还阐释了生产率合理分享是生产率持续提高的保障,并提出生产率分享的终极途径是建立一个随着生产率增长而不断提高社会福利水平的制度体系。

作者

蔡昉
Cai Fang

参考文献 查看全部 ↓
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  • Philippon,Thomas. 2019. The Great Reversal:How America Gave Up on Free Markets. Cambridge,Massachusetts/London,England:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Pilat,Dirk,and Chiara Criscuolo. 2018. “The Future of Productivity:What Contribution Can Digital Transformation Make?” Policy Quarterly 14(3):10-16.
  • Sen,Amartya. 2021. “Marx after Kornai.” Public Choice 187(1-2):27-32.
  • Shafik,Minouche. 2021. What We Owe Each Other:A New Social Contract for a Better Society. Princeton/Oxford:Princeton University Press.
  • Solow,M.Robert. 1987. “We’d Better Watch Out.” The New York Times Book Review,July 12.
  • Spence,Michael,and Sandile Hlatshwayo. 2012. “The Evolving Structure of the American Economy and the Employment Challenge.” Comparative Economic Studies 54:703-738.
  • Summers,Lawrence H. 2016. “The Age of Secular Stagnation:What It Is and What to Do About It.” Foreign Affairs 95(2):2-9.
  • 戴蒙德,贾雷德,2022,《枪炮、病菌与钢铁:人类社会的命运》,王道还、廖月娟译,中信出版社。
  • 福格尔,罗伯特·威廉,2003,《第四次大觉醒及平等主义的未来》,王中华、刘红译,首都经济贸易大学出版社。
  • 戈登,罗伯特,2018,《美国增长的起落》,张林山、刘现伟、孙凤仪等译,中信出版集团。
  • 加尔布雷思,约翰·肯尼思,2009,《富裕社会》,赵勇、周定瑛、舒小昀译,江苏人民出版社。
  • 克拉克,科林,2013,《发展经济学的早期年代》,载吉拉德·M.米耶、都德莱·西尔斯编《经济发展理论的十位大师》,刘鹤等译,中国经济出版社。
  • 库兹涅茨,西蒙,1985,《各国的经济增长:总产值和生产结构》,常勋等译,商务印书馆。
  • 拉詹,拉古拉迈,2011,《断层线——全球经济潜在的危机》,刘念等译,中信出版社。
  • 马克思,2015,《哥达纲领批判》,中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译,人民出版社。
  • 马克思、恩格斯,1960,《马克思恩格斯全集》第3卷,中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局译,人民出版社。
  • 马克思、恩格斯,1995,《马克思恩格斯选集》第3卷,中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译,人民出版社。
  • 麦迪森,安格斯,2003,《世界经济千年史》,伍晓鹰等译,北京大学出版社。
  • 皮凯蒂,托马斯,2014,《21世纪资本论》,巴曙松等译,中信出版社。
  • 斯基德尔斯基,罗伯特,2006,《凯恩斯传》,相蓝欣、储英译,生活·读书·新知三联书店。
  • 泽拉兹尼,罗杰,2011,《趁生命气息逗留》,李克勤等译,四川科学技术出版社。
  • Acemoglu,Daron,David Autor,David Dorn,Gordon H.Hanson,and Brendan Price. 2014. “Return of the Solow Paradox?IT,Productivity,and Employment in U.S.Manufacturing.” NBER Working Paper No.19837.
  • Aoki,Masahiko. 2012. “The Five Phases of Economic Development and Institutional Evolution in China,Japan,and Korea.” In Institutions and Comparative Economic Development,edited by Masahiko Aoki,Timur Kuran,and Gérard Roland,pp.13-47. Basingstoke,Hampshire/New York,NY:Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Brynjolfsson,Erik,and Andrew McAfee. 2011. Race Against the Machine:How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation,Driving Productivity,and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy. Lexington,Massachusetts:Digital Frontier Press.
  • Cowen,Tyler. 2011. The Great Stagnation:How America Ate All the Low-Hanging Fruit of Modern History,Got Sick,and Will(Eventually)Feel Better. New York:Dutton.
  • Fabo,Brian,Martina Jancoková,Elisabeth Kempf,and Luboš Pástor. 2020. “Fifty Shades of QE:Comparing Findings of Central Bankers and Academics.” NBER Working Paper No.27849.
  • Foster,Lucia,John Haltiwanger,and C.J.Krizan. 1998. “Aggregate Productivity Growth:Lessons from Microeconomic Evidence.” NBER Working Paper No.6803.
  • Hansen,Alvin. 2004. “On Economic Progress and Declining Population Growth.” Population and Development Review 30(2):329-342.
  • Heilbrun,James. 2011. “Baumol’s Cost Disease.” In A Handbook of Cultural Economics,edited by Ruth Towse,pp.67-75. Cheltenham,UK/Northampton,MA:Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
  • Keynes,John Maynard. 1978. “Some Economic Consequences of a Declining Population.” Population and Development Review 4(3):517-523.
  • Keynes,John Maynard. 2010. “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren.” In Essays in Persuasion,pp.321-332. Basingstoke,Hampshire/New York,NY:Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Krueger,Dirk,and Fabrizio Perri. 2005. “Does Income Inequality Lead to Consumption Equality?Evidence and Theory.” Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Research Department Staff Report No.363.
  • O’Rourke,Kevin Hjortshøj. 2015. “Economic Impossibilities for Our Grandchildren?” NBER Working Paper No.21807.
  • Philippon,Thomas. 2019. The Great Reversal:How America Gave Up on Free Markets. Cambridge,Massachusetts/London,England:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Pilat,Dirk,and Chiara Criscuolo. 2018. “The Future of Productivity:What Contribution Can Digital Transformation Make?” Policy Quarterly 14(3):10-16.
  • Sen,Amartya. 2021. “Marx after Kornai.” Public Choice 187(1-2):27-32.
  • Shafik,Minouche. 2021. What We Owe Each Other:A New Social Contract for a Better Society. Princeton/Oxford:Princeton University Press.
  • Solow,M.Robert. 1987. “We’d Better Watch Out.” The New York Times Book Review,July 12.
  • Spence,Michael,and Sandile Hlatshwayo. 2012. “The Evolving Structure of the American Economy and the Employment Challenge.” Comparative Economic Studies 54:703-738.
  • Summers,Lawrence H. 2016. “The Age of Secular Stagnation:What It Is and What to Do About It.” Foreign Affairs 95(2):2-9.

解读“凯恩斯悖论”——关于生产率分享的思考

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论文目录

  • 一、引言
  • 二、回到未来:凯恩斯说对了什么?
  • 三、合并悖论之间的同类项
  • 四、生产率的提高与分享
  • 五、社会福利作为最高层次的分享
  • 六、趋势展望和政策涵义

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