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中国财政再分配效应测算

摘要

本文拓展了财政再分配的传统分析方法,将间接税纳入研究框架,从而构建一个可以综合测算包括各项税收、社会保障和转移支付在内的财政工具的再分配效应的分析框架。本文综合采用财政预算归宿法、居民收入核算框架法和MT指数测量与分解法,以中国2012年投入产出表和城乡居民调查数据为基础,构建了社会核算矩阵和可计算一般均衡模型,测算结果表明,我国的财政再分配从整体上对收入分配为逆向调节。Gini系数由财政作用前的0.4129上升为财政作用后的0.4316,上升幅度为4.5%;其中,来源端间接税的贡献为-37%,社会保障收入的贡献为-28%,转移支付的贡献为69%,社保缴费的贡献为9%,个人所得税的贡献为15%,使用端间接税的贡献为-126%。财政再分配还拉大了城乡收入分配差距。这一现象在中等收入国家和高收入国家中均不多见,主要原因在于,我国转移支付、社会保障支出、个人所得税和社会保障缴费在财政支出和收入中所占比重过低,对收入分配的正向调节力度过小,间接税在财政收入中占比过高,对收入分配的负向调节力度过大。

作者

娄峰 ,金融学博士,研究员,教授,博士生导师,中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所经济预测分析研究室主任,兼任中国系统工程学会社会经济系统专业委员会理事长,长期专注于宏观经济预测和政策模拟分析研究。出版《中国财政税收理论与政策模拟:基于CGE模型》等十多部专著;在《中国社会科学》《经济研究》《世界经济》《中国工业经济》《数量经济技术经济研究》等核心期刊发表论文数十篇;主持和参与数十项国家社科基金、国家自然基金、部委课题;获得部级一等奖3项、二等奖6项、三等奖10项,中国数量经济学年会一等奖2项。

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中国财政再分配效应测算

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