论文

女孩的数学成绩何以优于男孩?

摘要

学业成就的性别差异是教育不平等的一个基本维度,越来越多的研究发现,女孩的学业成就开始赶上甚至超过男孩。本研究以CEPS 2013年基线调查数据为基础,考察了传统“男性优势”学科数学成绩的性别差异以及可能的影响因素。研究发现,初中阶段女孩的数学成绩显著高于男孩。一方面,传统的社会性别观念,尤其是数学性别刻板印象导致女孩形成低数学能力的自我认知;另一方面,女孩及其父母的高教育期待、女孩在学校教育过程中高自律的卷入在一定程度上补偿了性别刻板印象所带来的负面影响。

作者

陈彬莉 ,北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院讲师(blichen@bnu.edu.cn)
白晓曦 ,沈阳师范大学学前与初等教育学院讲师(baixiaoxi126@126.com)。
Chen Binli
Bai Xiaoxi

参考文献 查看全部 ↓
  • 豪格,迈克尔、A.阿布拉姆斯,多米尼克,2015,《社会认同过程》,高明华译,北京:中国人民大学出版社。
  • 黄超、吴愈晓,2016,《中学生教育期望的性别差异:表现与成因》,《江苏社会科学》第4期,第121~132页。
  • 阮小林、张庆林、杜秀敏、崔茜,2009,《刻板印象威胁效应研究回顾与展望》,《心理科学进展》第4期,第836~844页。
  • Appel,M.,and Kronberger,N.2012.“Stereotypes and the Achievement Gap:Stereotype Threat Prior to Test Taking.” 24(4),609-635.
  • Bian,Lin,Leslie Sarah-Jane,& Cimpian Andrei.2017.“Gender Stereotypes about Intellectual Ability Emerge Early and Influence Children's interests.” 355:389-391.
  • Blanton,Hart,Charlene Christie,& Maureen Dye.2002.“Social Identity Versus Reference Frame Comparisons:the Moderating Role of Stereotype Endorsement.” 38(3):253-267.
  • Bolger,Niall,and Thomas Kellaghan.1990.“Method of Measurement and Gender Differences in Scholastic Achievement.” .27(2):165-174.
  • Browna,Ryan P,and Elizabeth C.Pinel.2003.“Stigma on My Mind:Individual Differences in the Experience of Stereotype Threat.” 39(6):626-633.
  • Chatard,Armand,Serge Guimond,& Leila Selimbegovic.2007.“‘How Good are You in Math? ’The Effect of Gender Stereotypes on Students’ Recollection of Their School Marks.”43(6):1017-1024.
  • Cho,Donghun.2007.“The Role of High School Performance in Explaining Women's Rising College Enrollment.”26(4):450-462.
  • Cunha,Flavio,and James J.Heckman.2008.“Formulating,Identifying and Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation.” 43(4):738-782.
  • Drago,Francesco.2011.“Self-esteem and Earnings.” 32(3):480-488.
  • Duckworth,Angela Lee,and Martin E.P.Seligman.2006.“Self-discipline Gives Girls the Edge:Gender in Self-discipline,Grades,and Achievement Test Scores.” 98(1):198-208.
  • Eccles,Jacquelynne S.,Mina N.Vida,& Bonnie Barber.2004.“The Relation of Early Adolescents' College Plans and Both Academic Ability and Task-Value Beliefs to Subsequent College Enrollment.” 24(1):63-77.
  • Eccles,Jacquelynne S.1994.“Understanding Women's Educational and Occupational Choices.”18:585-609.
  • Entwisle,Doris R,Karl L.Alexander,& Linda Steffel Olson.1994.“The Gender Gap in Math:Its Possible Origins In Neighborhood Effects.” 59(6):.22-838.
  • Fortin,Nicole M.,Oreopoulos Philip,& Phipps Shelley.2015.“Leaving Boys Behind:Leaving Boys Behind:Gender Disparities in High Academic Achievement.” 50(3):549-579.
  • Fredricks,Jennifer A.,and Jacquelynne S.Eccles.2002.“Children's Competence and Value Beliefs from Childhood through Adolescence:Growth Trajectories in Two Male-sex-Typed Domains. 38(4):519-533.
  • Goldin,Claudia,Katz Lawrence F.,& Kuziemko Ilyana.2006.“The Homecoming of American College Women:the Reversal of the College Gender Gap.”20(4):133-156.
  • Harter,Cynthia,Lay,William E.Becker,& Michael Watts.1999.“Who Teaches with More Than Chalk and Talk?”.25(3):343-356.
  • Hsin,Amy,and Yu Xie.2017.“Life-course Changes in the Mediation of Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills for Parental Effects on Children's Academic Achievement.” 63:150-165.
  • Lai,Fang.2010.“Are Boys Left Behind?The Evolution of the Gender Achievement Gap in Beijing's Middle Schools.” Economics of Education Review 29(3):383-399.
  • Lane,Kristin A.,Jin X.Goh,& Erin Driver-Linn.2012.“Implicit Science Stereotypes Mediate the Relationship between Gender and Academic Participation.” 66(3-4):220-234.
  • Lauglo,Jon,and Fengshu Liu.2018.“The Reverse Gender Gap in Adolescents’ Expectation of Higher Education:Analysis of 50 Education Systems.” 63(1):28-57.
  • Lin,Bian,Sarah-Jane Leslie,& Andrei Cimpian.2017.“Gender Stereotypes about Intellectual Ability Emerge Early and Influence Children's Interests.”355(6323):389-391.
  • Livingston,Andrea,& John Wirt.2004.“The Condition of Education 2004 in Brief.NCES 2004-076.”(8):27.
  • Martin,Carol,Lynn,& Sandra Parker.1995.“Folk Theories about Sex and Race Differences.”.21(1):45-57.
  • Martin,Carol Lynn,& Lisa M.Dinella.2002.“Children's Gender Cognitions,the Social Environment,and Sex Differences in Cognitive Domains.”in .Edited by McGillicuddy-De Lisi & R.De Lisi.Westport,C.T.:Ablex,pp.207-239.
  • Martinot,Delphine,and Michel Désert.2007.“Awareness of a Gender Stereotype,Personal Beliefs and Self-perceptions Regarding Math Ability:When Boys do not Surpass Girls.” 10(4):455-471.
  • Muis,Krista R.2004.“Personal Epistemology and Mathematics:A Critical Review and Synthesis of Research.” 74(3):317-377.
  • Neff,Kristin D.,and Lisa N. Terry-Schmitt.2002.“Youths' Attributions for Power-Related Gender Differences:Nature,Nurture,or God?” 17(2):1185-1202.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).2004.Learning for Tomorrow's World.Paris:PISA.Retrieved from http://www.pisa.oecd.org.
  • Parsons,Jacquelynne Eccles.1983.“Attributional Processes as Mediators of Sex Differences in Achievement.” 3:19.27.
  • Petrill,Stephen A.,and Bessie Wilkerson.2000.“Intelligence and Achievement:a Behavioral Genetic Perspective.” 12(2):185-199.
  • Pomerantz,Eva M.,Ellen Rydell Altermatt,& Jill L.Saxon.2002.“Making the Grade but Feeling Distressed:Gender Differences in Academic Performance and Internal Distress.” 94(2):396-404.
  • Pseekos,A.Chantelle,Eric R.Dahlen,& Jacob J.Levy.2008.“Development of the Academic Stereotype Threat Inventory.” 41(1):2-12.
  • Simpkins,Sandra D.,Pamela E.Davis-Kean,& Jacquelynne S.Eccles.2006.“Math and Science Motivation:a Longitudinal Examination of the Links between Choices and Beliefs.” 42(1):70-83.
  • Smith,Jessi L.,and Paul H.White.2002.“An Examination of Implicitly Activated,Explicitly Activated,and Nullified Stereotypes on Mathematical Performance:It's not Just a Woman's Issue.” 47(3-4):179-191.
  • Spencer,Steven J.,Claude M.Steele,& Diane M.Quinn.1999.“Stereotype Threat and Women's Math Performance.” 35(1):4.28.
  • Steele,J.2003.“Children's Gender Stereotypes about Math:The Role of Stereotype Stratication.” 33:2587-2606.
  • Stricker,Lawrence J.,Donald A.Rock,& Nancy W.Burton.1993.“Sex Differences in Predictions of College Grades from Scholastic Aptitude Test Scores.” 85(4):710-718.
  • Tenenbaum,Harriet R.,and Campbell Leaper.2003.“Parent-child Conversations about Science:the Socialization of Gender Inequities?” 39(1):34-47.
  • Tinklin,Teresa.2013.“Gender Differences and High Attainment.” 29(3):307-325.
  • Walton,Gregory M.,and Geoffrey L.Cohen.2003.“Stereotype Lift.” 39(5):456-467.
  • Xu,Di,and Qiujie Li.2018.“Gender Achievement Gaps among Chinese Middle School Students and the Role of Teachers’ Gender.” 67(C):82-93.

女孩的数学成绩何以优于男孩?

可试读20%内容 PDF阅读 阅读器阅览

试读已结束,剩余80%未读

¥8 查看全文 >

VIP免费

论文目录

  • 一 问题的提出
  • 二 文献述评
    1. (一)传统社会性别观念:数学性别刻板印象
    2. (二)非认知能力
    3. (三)父母的教养方式及教育期待的影响
    4. (四)小结
  • 三 数据、变量与方法
    1. (一)数据
    2. (二)变量
    3. (三)数据分析步骤
  • 四 研究发现
    1. (一)初中生的数学成绩性别差异:女孩优于男孩
    2. (二)数学性别刻板印象的负面影响
    3. (三)女性及其家庭的补偿策略
    4. (四)其他控制变量的影响
  • 五 结论与讨论

论文图片/图表

查看更多>>>