论文

道德观分裂何以形成:文化冲突归因研究的分野与进路

摘要

自20世纪90年代美国学者亨特提出“文化战争”假说以来,学术界对其进行了旷日持久的学术论战。本文综述了有关“文化战争”的研究文献,梳理了这一假说的缘起、争议和发展。就“文化战争”假说进行论战的各方尽管始终“磨枪走火”,但他们一致同意,“文化战争”存在于媒体权威、政治精英或学术界中。而关键概念界定、研究方法、研究视野等的不同导致了论战双方诸多的分歧。本文总结了导致分歧的几个主要因素,包括关于“文化研究”的个体与结构之争;政治精英的极化及其对大众的影响;分歧各方的二元分类与多维度分析;共时视野下的党派极化与历时视角的舆论扩散研究;“文化战争”是一种人口现象还是修辞现象;关于“文化战争”的最主要分歧之一是对道德价值倾向主要影响因素的判定,即是世界观、价值观还是其他社会类别决定了美国人的道德价值倾向。如今,“文化战争”的分析框架继续被用于病毒、疫苗等最新议题中,“文化战争”已终结还是“永无止境”的讨论仍在继续。对论战双方研究路径分野的梳理,有助于为我们理解文化冲突归因研究的分野与进路提供参考。

作者

陈伶娜 ,北京大学社会学系博士研究生。
卢云峰 ,北京大学社会学系教授。

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道德观分裂何以形成:文化冲突归因研究的分野与进路

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论文目录

  • 一 “文化战争”的概念及缘起
    1. (一)“文化战争”的提出
    2. (二)“文化战争”的历史土壤
  • 二 争议:“文化战争”是否存在
    1. (一)对“文化战争”假说的证实
    2. (二)“迷思”与“神话”:对“文化战争”假说的驳斥
  • 三 共识:舆论领袖与精英阶层的“文化战争”
  • 四 关于“文化战争”假说研究的路径分野
    1. (一)方法论路径分野:关于“文化研究”的个体与结构之争
    2. (二)大众与精英:政治精英的极化及其角色影响
    3. (三)社会分类还是世界观影响道德倾向
    4. (四)分歧的二元分类与多维度分析
    5. (五)共时视野下的党派极化与历时视角的舆论扩散
    6. (六)“文化战争”作为人口现象还是修辞现象
  • 五 “文化战争”是否已经终结
  • 六 结论和讨论

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