论文

解禁与教派演化:以台湾地区的一贯道为例

摘要

“教派—教会理论”是宗教社会学最重要的中层理论之一,它的诞生与发展大多基于西方犹太—基督教背景。本文尝试用中国的案例研究来修正和发展该理论。“教派—教会理论”认为,教派在成立之初往往与外部社会关系紧张,但随着群体组织规模的扩大、教派成员的社会流动与代际更替以及专业化神职人员的出现,教派会逐渐降低与主流社会的张力。也即是说,随着时间的流逝,教派会变得越来越像教会。本文则以为,政府管制是影响教派向教会转化的一个关键因素。以一贯道为例,我们发现压制强化了该教派的分裂倾向,阻碍了群体规模的扩大和信仰的代际传递,同时也降低了教派领导层的专业化程度。1987年,一贯道在台湾地区取得合法地位以后,开始变革以求减少分裂、稳定组织和扬弃教义。这些措施使得它与外部社会之间的张力明显降低。这些变化说明政府管制在教派的变迁上扮演了十分重要的角色,而这一点是以往“教派—教会理论”所忽略的。

作者

卢云峰 ,北京大学社会学系教授。
梁景文 (Graeme Lang),香港城市大学亚洲及国际研究学系教授。

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解禁与教派演化:以台湾地区的一贯道为例

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