章节

农村土地利用对温室气体排放的估算:以苏格兰东北部为例

摘要

2009年6月,苏格兰政府在应对气候变化行动中设定了温室气体减排目标,提出到2020年温室气体排放量比1990年降低42%,到2050年降低80%。温室气体减排的目标也同样适用于贸易和非贸易领域,同时也包括农村土地利用方面。在苏格兰东北部,农村土地占国土面积的绝大多数,其中农业和林业用地占86%,体育用地约占10%。本文开展这一研究,旨在估算苏格兰东北部农村土地利用所引起的CH4、N2O和CO2的排放量,并与英国进行比较,为制定区域温室气体排放清单提供依据,进而阐述农村土地利用区域温室气体排放清单的重要作用。本次研究主要按照政府间气候变化组织修订的国家温室气体排放清单的标准来进行区域尺度计算。主要评估1999~2010年苏格兰东北部畜牧业、草地、农田管理和体育用地每年温室气体的排放量以及森林碳截获量。研究结果表明,2009年该区域畜牧业、草地、农田管理等土地利用所排放的温室气体约142万吨CO2,与国家尺度上对该区域的估算基本吻合。因此,该研究方法和研究步骤非常适合在英国其他地区以及欧洲地区得到推广使用。

作者

李钰靖 ,河南省社会科学院人口与社会发展研究所七级职员,主要研究方向为教育社会学。
王元亮 ,河南省社会科学院副研究员,主要研究方向为农村经济。
齐爽 ,女,1991年1月出生,河南省社会科学院区域经济评论杂志社编辑。
文瑞

参考文献 查看全部 ↓
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  • 7.Carlton,R.,Berry,P.,Smith,P.,2010,“Impact of Crop Yield Reduction on GHG Emissions from Compensatory Cultivation of Pasture and Forested Land”,International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 8,164-175.
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  • 9.CLA,AIC,and NFU,2007,Part of the Solution:Climate Change,Agriculture and Land Management,London,Country Landan Business Association,Agricultural Industries Confederation and National Farmer’s Union,Report of the Joint NFU/CLA/AIC Climate Change Task Force.
  • 10.Cloy,M.J.,Rees,R.M.,Smith,K.A.,Goulding,K.,Smith,P.,Waterhouse,A.,Chadwick,D.,2012,“Impacts of Agriculture upon Greenhouse Gas Budgets”,In:Hester,R.E.,Harrison,R.M.(Eds.),Environmental Impacts of Modern Agriculture,Issues in Environmental Science and Technology,vol. 34. Royal Society of Chemistry,Cambridge,pp. 57-82.
  • 11.Cook,P.,Booth,J.,Copus,A.,Dalton,G.,Grieve,J.,Fergunson,B.,2008,Agriculture in Aberdeenshire-Looking to the Future,A Study for NESAAG. Aberdeenshire Council and Scottish Enterprise,pp. 1-190.
  • 12.Daulat,W.E.,Clymo,R.S.,1998,“Effects of Temperature and Watertable on the Efflux of Methane from Peatland Surfacecores”,Atmospheric Environment 32,3207-3218.
  • 13.Defra,2010,Fertiliser Manual. RB 209. 8th ed. Norwich. Availableat:http://www.defra.gov.uk/publications/files/rb209-fertiliser-manual-110412.pdf(accessed 12.10.11).
  • 14.Dewar,R.C.,Cannell,M.G.R.,1992,“Carbon Sequestration in the Trees,Products and Soils of Forest Plantations:An Analysis Using UK Examples”,Tree Physiology 11,49-71.
  • 15.Dick,J.,Smith,P.,Smith,R.,Lilly,A.,Moxey,A.,Booth,J.,Campbell,C.,Coulter,D.,2008,Calculating Farm Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions,pp. 1-30,Available at:http://www.cplan.org.uk/Calculating%20GHG%20Report.pdf(accessed 06.09.12).
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  • 17.Farage,P.,Ball,A.,McGenity,T.J.,Whitby,C.,Pretty,J.,2009,“Burning Management and Carbon Sequestration of Uplandheather Moorland in the UK”,Soil Research 47,351-361.
  • 18.Forestry Commission,1997,National Inventory of Woodland and Trees:Scotland-Grampian Region,Woodland Surveys,Forest Research,Edinburgh,pp. 1-24.
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农村土地利用对温室气体排放的估算:以苏格兰东北部为例

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章节目录

  • 一 引言
  • 二 研究方法
    1. (一)研究地点描述
    2. (二)温室气体排放数据
    3. (三)必需的数据、假设和数据源
    4. (四)计算方程与排放因子
    5. (五)估算森林生态系统的碳截获
    6. (六)泥炭地碳截获的估算
    7. (七)估算的不确定性
    8. (八)与其他大尺度的调查数据进行比较
  • 三 研究结果
    1. (一)苏格兰东北部农村土地利用温室气体排放量
    2. (二)温室气体排放的不确定性
    3. (三)与大气排放清单的比较
    4. (四)讨论
    5. (五)结论

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