论文

文化、认知与儿童发展:跨学科研究之旅

摘要

本文以儿童发展为窗口,以文化与认知为理论视角,回顾了作者的人类学与心理学的跨学科之旅。本文讲述了笔者的四段历程,于清华大学社会学系初识人类学,赴美读博士确立认知人类学方向、研究当代中国儿童道德发展,博士后转往发展心理学实验室探索婴儿社会认知,以及现阶段运用新的理论和方法论分析尘封于历史中的珍贵人类学资料、重新审视20世纪中叶的童年与育儿状况。这个跨学科之旅围绕着人类思维、心智和伦理道德的发源展开,既探究“人性”,也认识“文化”。笔者以感恩之心写作这篇随笔,意在回归对人类学起初的爱,在整体论的视野下往来穿梭于理论与现实之间,将自我与他者相互观照。

作者

许晶 ,美国教育科学院(National Academy of Education,NAEd)博士后研究员、华盛顿大学(西雅图)人类学系附属助理教授(Affiliate Assistant Professor)。

参考文献 查看全部 ↓
  • 许晶,2006,《从“Representation”看人类学“表述危机”》,《广西民族研究》第3期,第46~54页。
  • 许晶,2015,《安能辨我是雌雄:女书“族源之谜”的反思》,《中国人类学研究》第7卷,第196~253页。
  • 许晶,2020,《道德从何而来:心理认知人类学视野下的儿童道德发展研究》,《社会学评论》第4期,第3~19页。
  • 许晶,2021,《中国好孩子:来自一所幼儿园的道德发展观察》,华东师范大学出版社。
  • Boyer,Pascal. 2012. “From Studious Irrelevancy to Consilient Knowledge:Modes of Scholarship and Cultural Anthropology.” pp. 113-129 in Edward Slingerland and Mark Collard (eds.). Creating Consilience:Evolution,Cognitive Science,and the Humanities. New York:Oxford University Press.
  • Boyer,Pascal,Lienard,Pierre and Jing Xu. 2012. “Cultural Differences in Investing in Others and in the Future:Why Measuring Rrust is not Enough.” PlOS ONE 7(7),e40750.
  • Chevalier,Coralie,Jing Xu,Kuniko Adachi and et al. 2015. “Preschoolers’ Understanding of Merit in Two Asian Societies.” PLOS ONE 10(5),e0114717.
  • Quinn,Naomi. 2005. “Universals of Child Rearing.” Anthropological Theory 5(4),477-516.
  • Quinn,Naomi. 2019. “American Marriage Revisited in the Light of Human Evolution.” Ethos 47(3),263-280.
  • Schmidt,Marco F. H. and Jessica A. Sommerville. 2011. “Fairness Expectations and Altruistic Sharing in 15-month-old Human Infants.” PLOS ONE 6(10),e23223.
  • Sperber,Dan. 1985. “Anthropology and Psychology:Towards and Epidemiology of Representations.” Man 20,73-89.
  • Xu,Jing. 2014. “Becoming a Moral Child Amidst China’s Moral Crisis:Preschool Discourse and Practices of Sharing in Shanghai.” Ethos 42(2),222-242.
  • Xu,Jing. 2017. The Good Child:Moral Development in a Chinese Preschool. Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press.
  • Xu,Jing. 2019. “Learning ‘Merit’ in a Chinese Preschool:Bringing the Anthropological Perspective to Understanding Moral Development.” American Anthropologist 121(3),655-666.
  • Xu,Jing. 2020a. “Tattling with Chinese Characteristics:Norm Sensitivity,Moral Anxiety,and ‘the Genuine Child’.” Ethos 48(1),29-49.
  • Xu,Jing. 2020b. “The Mischievous,the Naughty,and the Violent in a Taiwanese Village:Peer Aggression Narratives in Arthur P. Wolf’s ‘Child Interview’ (1959).” Cross-Currents:East Asia History and Culture Review 9(1),180-208.
  • Xu,Jing,Lucie Saether and Jessica Sommerville. 2016. “Experience Facilitates the Emergence of Sharing Behavior among 7.5-month-old Infants.” Developmental Psychology 52(11),1732-1743.
  • 许晶,2006,《从“Representation”看人类学“表述危机”》,《广西民族研究》第3期,第46~54页。
  • 许晶,2015,《安能辨我是雌雄:女书“族源之谜”的反思》,《中国人类学研究》第7卷,第196~253页。
  • 许晶,2020,《道德从何而来:心理认知人类学视野下的儿童道德发展研究》,《社会学评论》第4期,第3~19页。
  • 许晶,2021,《中国好孩子:来自一所幼儿园的道德发展观察》,华东师范大学出版社。
  • Boyer,Pascal. 2012. “From Studious Irrelevancy to Consilient Knowledge:Modes of Scholarship and Cultural Anthropology.” pp. 113-129 in Edward Slingerland and Mark Collard (eds.). Creating Consilience:Evolution,Cognitive Science,and the Humanities. New York:Oxford University Press.
  • Boyer,Pascal,Lienard,Pierre and Jing Xu. 2012. “Cultural Differences in Investing in Others and in the Future:Why Measuring Rrust is not Enough.” PlOS ONE 7(7),e40750.
  • Chevalier,Coralie,Jing Xu,Kuniko Adachi and et al. 2015. “Preschoolers’ Understanding of Merit in Two Asian Societies.” PLOS ONE 10(5),e0114717.
  • Quinn,Naomi. 2005. “Universals of Child Rearing.” Anthropological Theory 5(4),477-516.
  • Quinn,Naomi. 2019. “American Marriage Revisited in the Light of Human Evolution.” Ethos 47(3),263-280.
  • Schmidt,Marco F. H. and Jessica A. Sommerville. 2011. “Fairness Expectations and Altruistic Sharing in 15-month-old Human Infants.” PLOS ONE 6(10),e23223.
  • Sperber,Dan. 1985. “Anthropology and Psychology:Towards and Epidemiology of Representations.” Man 20,73-89.
  • Xu,Jing. 2014. “Becoming a Moral Child Amidst China’s Moral Crisis:Preschool Discourse and Practices of Sharing in Shanghai.” Ethos 42(2),222-242.
  • Xu,Jing. 2017. The Good Child:Moral Development in a Chinese Preschool. Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press.
  • Xu,Jing. 2019. “Learning ‘Merit’ in a Chinese Preschool:Bringing the Anthropological Perspective to Understanding Moral Development.” American Anthropologist 121(3),655-666.
  • Xu,Jing. 2020a. “Tattling with Chinese Characteristics:Norm Sensitivity,Moral Anxiety,and ‘the Genuine Child’.” Ethos 48(1),29-49.
  • Xu,Jing. 2020b. “The Mischievous,the Naughty,and the Violent in a Taiwanese Village:Peer Aggression Narratives in Arthur P. Wolf’s ‘Child Interview’ (1959).” Cross-Currents:East Asia History and Culture Review 9(1),180-208.
  • Xu,Jing,Lucie Saether and Jessica Sommerville. 2016. “Experience Facilitates the Emergence of Sharing Behavior among 7.5-month-old Infants.” Developmental Psychology 52(11),1732-1743.

文化、认知与儿童发展:跨学科研究之旅

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