- TA的作品
- 作品笔记(0)
- 作品书评(0)
-
作者: 陈立钧 [美]杨大力 任强 著 出版时间:2016年11月
关键词:
出处: 中国儿童现状调查(中英文版)
简 介:In this study,we examined different aspects of the well-being of children in China,including their developmental outcomes and their social and family contexts. In the section below,we discuss the findings,which we hope will help policymakers and stakeholders in child well-being identify the most vulnerable children in need of help. Since rural and urban residency as established by the hukou system has been a major marker of socioeconomic status in China,we compared the well-being outcomes and social contexts of rural and urban children. The results reveal significant disparities between rural and urban children in multiple domains of well-being. A higher proportion of rural children are born with low birth weight. Rural children also lag behind urban children in social-emotional development. They tend to be less happy and have less confidence in their future. Rural children report having fewer good friends and lacking good social skills. Compared to urban children,rural children also have lower levels of educational achievement and cognitive development. They have lower scores on both math and vocabulary tests.
¥ 2.7 试读
-
Association of Family and Social Contexts with Child Development 收藏
作者: 陈立钧 [美]杨大力 任强 著 出版时间:2016年11月
关键词:
出处: 中国儿童现状调查(中英文版)
简 介:In previous sections,we examined several domains of child well-being and development and the family and community contexts for children in China. We found significant disparities between children in rural and urban areas. The findings also indicate that rural left-behind children and children of single/no parent families are especially disadvantaged. Earli-er research has found that ecological contexts such as families have major impact on the development of child outcomes(Bronfenbrenner,1979;Bornstein and Bradley,2012). This section shows the results of multiple regression statistical models to examine the effects of family and community factors on the various domains of child development(after taking into consideration demographic attributes of the children). Selected domains of well-being are used as dependent variables. The goal is to determine whether and to what extent the contextual factors affect different domains of child well-being and whether they contribute to the disparity in well-being between rural and urban children.
¥ 1.92 试读
-
作者: 陈立钧 [美]杨大力 任强 著 出版时间:2016年11月
关键词:
出处: 中国儿童现状调查(中英文版)
简 介:Theories and research on human development have put great emphasis on the importance of various contexts and how they interrelate and affect child development(e.g.,Bronfenbrenner,1979). In previous sections,we examined the developmental well-being of children in different domains. In this section,we describe the multiple contexts of child development,especially the influence of families and communities. Families are the most common setting in which children are raised and educated. A functional family is crucial for healthy child development in various domains,especially during the early years when children’s physical growth and cognitive and social development are the most rapid and time-sensitive(Henrich & Gadaire,2008;Weiss,Caspe,& Lopez,2006). In particular,material resources and family relationships are highly influential aspects of family context. In the section on economic well-being,we highlighted family poverty and parental education as important indicators of economic well-being. In this section,we examine the role of family structure,observed home environment,parental engagement and interaction with children(including reading to the child),and parenting styles. Community context,which covers the physical and social venues where children interact and socialize with others,is also analyzed in this section.
¥ 2.54 试读
-
Achievement and Cognitive Development 收藏
作者: 陈立钧 [美]杨大力 任强 著 出版时间:2016年11月
关键词:
出处: 中国儿童现状调查(中英文版)
简 介:Educational and cognitive well-being refers to the ability of children to learn language,mathematics,and other knowledge appropriate for their age level. It also includes their development of cognitive skills required to effectively understand their environment and communicate with people. Kindergartens and schools are major formal settings where children learn new knowledge and master various cognitive skills. It has been established that early childhood education at high quality child care centers,preschools and elementary schools are crucial for children’s later educational achievement and future economic success(Cunha & Heckman,2010;Heckman,Moon,Pinto,Savelyev,& Yavitz,2010;Reynolds,Temple,& Ou,2011). Since the 1980s,with the implementation of the nine-year compulsory education system,most children in China have been able to complete nine years of elementary and junior high school. Early childhood education through public and private kindergartens and nurseries is also developing rapidly in both urban and rural areas.However,major challenges still remain in bridging the gap between rural and urban areas in terms of the availability of educational resources and the quality of school education(Dollar,2007;Qian & Smyth,2008).
¥ 1.94 试读
-
and Social-Emotional Well-being 收藏
作者: 陈立钧 [美]杨大力 任强 著 出版时间:2016年11月
关键词:
出处: 中国儿童现状调查(中英文版)
简 介:Psychological well-being and social well-being are two separate,but related developmental domains for children. Psychological health refers to the mental and emotional state of children and their opinions about themselves and their future. Indicators include self-esteem,self-efficacy,depression,and sense of happiness. Social well-being indicates the ability and skills of children to get along with others and make friends in their social milieu. The two domains are closely related because children with mental problems such as depression,anxiety,and other emotional self-regulation disturbances often act out in socially undesirable ways including showing social withdrawal,aggressiveness,and antisocial behaviors. Children and adolescents with mental health problems and social deficits often have difficulties in normal cognitive development and school performance(see,for example,Breslau,Lane,Sampson,& Kessler,2008). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)has been monitoring children’s mental health in the US through various ongoing national surveys and registry systems.Although no comprehensive national statistics about children’s mental health state in China are available,various studies have examined different mental health issues of children and youth in various regions of China(see,for example,Tang & Qin,2015).
¥ 1.67 试读