The Greeks and the Others：Identity Issues
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作者：
[希]Elena Avramidou
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出版时间：2018年12月
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出处：
新世界史（第2辑）：古代世界的生成和成长
简 介：The effort to get to know the Greeks，namely to understand what it meant for them to be Greek，still remains undiminished and inevitably passes through the image that they had not only for themselves，but also for the others. It regards，therefore，the self-identification that takes place both positively（this is what we are）and negatively（we are what the others are not）.
Who are the others though？ Obviously，they are the non-Greeks，the foreigners；those who were called barbarians because they spoke bar-bar.With the repetition of the syllablebar，Greeks wanted to convey the strange acoustic impression that this incomprehensible speech made them.
Thus，the separation between Greeks and the others first of all passes through the language. There is not any value judgment in this distinction and certainly no derogatory connotation or ethnocentrism. It is interesting that the word barbarian is not found in Homer. In his epic poems，the word “barbarophonoi” or “barbarian speaking” is only mentioned once but with a clearly descriptive meaning. It is referring to Nastes，the Carian who was leading the barbarian speaking people. The epic world was a homogenous world where there was no linguistic difference among the combatant heroes. Indeed，Homeric Greeks realize first the language problem but not as something that is connoting or attributing merit or demerit. Also the different physical characteristics，such as the colour of the skin，do not generate any racial discrimination.
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