章节

道德滑坡了吗?美式英语语言中的社会道德时间变化

摘要

虽然道德滑坡的朴素观点十分普遍,但研究表明,道德滑坡可能仅仅是一种有偏知觉。我们认为,其产生的原因是时代发展(如个人主义的快速升高)与个人认知间的不平衡。通过分析谷歌图书Ngram数据库中的美式英语相关数据,我们发现道德语词的词频自1960年至2000年间并未出现显著的减少,并且对于个体化道德的关注还呈现显著的增加趋势。通过五个研究,我们发现与集体化道德相比,人们对个体化道德的关注逐渐增加(研究1),这种情况尤其表现在正面积极道德语词中(研究2)。当只考虑美德时,也会出现类似的情况:个体化道德词频增加而集体化道德词频减少(研究3),但美德语词的总体词频并未显著减少(研究3和研究4)。此外,道德动机作为道德的关键要素,其词频并未出现显著的变化(研究5)。研究结果验证道德滑坡可能是一种错觉判断。

作者

喻丰 ,武汉大学哲学学院心理学系教授、博士生导师。
许丽颖 ,清华大学高校德育研究中心,清华大学马克思主义学院。
丁晓军 ,西安交通大学人文社会科学学院哲学系副教授。
钱小军 ,清华大学经管学院教授、博士生导师。

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道德滑坡了吗?美式英语语言中的社会道德时间变化

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